针对目前巷道支护中钢管混凝土拱架缺乏可缩让压性能的问题，从吸能让位角度设计了一种防冲吸能钢管混凝土拱架结构。通过Abaqus建立新型钢管混凝土拱架与围岩组合模型，在静载与动载两种荷载状态下，对比分析新型拱架对巷道的支护效果与抗冲击能力。结论如下：①根据合理的让位阻力特性设计吸能构件壁厚与尺寸，在拱架上部连接处和底弧段中部设置吸能构件，可避免弯曲过大发生失稳。套管形状依据U型钢拱架卡揽结构设置为折纹型，与拱架摩擦实现缩动让压；②在竖向与侧向冲击下，优化后拱架支护巷道各点位移量呈减少趋势，降低了拱架顶弧段下沉与底弧段上拱，支护效果更强；③静载作用下，优化后拱架与吸能构件接触后，拱架各点处塑性应变不再增加，吸能构件代替拱架发生形变。在受到动载后，吸能构件能快速响应，同时拱架两帮拐角发生弯曲变形，其余部分仍未发生明显变形。吸能构件压溃后，拱架整体塑性应变开始增加，最终优化后拱架各点等效塑性应变竖向与侧向冲击下分别降低了10%～50%和13%～78%。

In response to the problem of lack of shrinkable pressure-allowing performance of steel pipe concrete arch in the current roadway support, an anti-impacting and energy-absorbing steel pipe concrete arch structure is designed from the perspective of energy-absorbing pressure-allowing. The combination model of the new steel pipe concrete arch and the surrounding rock was established by Abaqus, and the support effect and impact resistance of the new arch on the roadway were compared and analyzed under both static and dynamic loading conditions. The conclusions are as follows:①Designing the wall thickness and size of the energy-absorbing member according to the reasonable yielding resistance characteristics. Energy-absorbing components are installed at the connection between the upper arch and the middle of the bottom arc to prevent excessive bending from causing instability. The sleeve shape is designed as a pleated shape based on the U-shaped steel arch clamp structure, which achieves compression yield through friction with the arch; ②Under the vertical and lateral impact, the displacement of the optimized arch support tunnel at each point is reduced, which reduces the sinking of the top arc section of the arch and the up-arch of the bottom arc section, and the support effect is stronger; ③Under static loads, after the arch contacts the energy-absorbing component, the plastic strain at each point of the arch no longer increases, and the energy-absorbing component replaces the arch to deform. After being subjected to dynamic loads, the energy-absorbing component can respond quickly, while the corners of the arch bend and deform, and the remaining parts have not undergone significant deformation. After the energy-absorbing component is crushed, the overall plastic strain of the arch starts to increase, and finally the equivalent plastic strain at each point of the arch is reduced by 10%−50% and 13%−78% under vertical and lateral impacts, respectively, after optimization.