负碳排放技术是一种符合净零目标且旨在减少大气中二氧化碳浓度的创新途径,是我国碳中和技术体系的重要组成部分。负碳排放方案是一个多元复杂的体系,其中,直接空气碳捕集与封存(DACCS)和生物质能耦合碳捕集与封存(BECCS)是两类与地质封存紧密结合以实现永久减排的关键技术手段。这两类技术都依赖成熟的地质封存技术,将捕集的CO₂安全封存于地下防止其再次回到大气中,确保永久性减排。本文对快速发展的DACCS和BECCS技术的最新研究进展与应用情况进行了详述。在DACCS方面,主要介绍了直接空气捕集(DAC)中的液体吸收和固体吸附两大类技术相关的关键材料及工艺技术研究现状,分析了现有DAC技术的应用情况和经济性,归纳了国内外主要在运行规划中的DAC示范项目,展望了未来DAC技术研究的重点方向以及DAC技术更大规模化应用的可行性。在BECCS方面,介绍了BECCS技术链条的主要构成以及基本工艺流程。着重分析了各BECCS技术路径的发展现状,包括与燃料产品紧密相关的生物质热化学转化和生物质生物转化技术,以及常用于发电的生物质燃烧技术等。探讨了在不同生物质能利用场景下部署BECCS技术的可行性,汇总了现有BECCS技术的应用情况以及国内外主要的BECCS示范项目,结合绿色甲醇的生产分析了技术的经济性。结合我国生物质资源的实际情况,展望了BECCS技术未来的发展方向。

Negative carbon emission technology is an innovative approach aligned with net-zero goals, aimed at reducing atmospheric CO2concentrations, and is a crucial component of China's carbon-neutral technology system. Negative carbon emission solutions constitute amultifaceted and complex system, among which Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) and Bioenergy with Carbon Captureand Storage (BECCS) are key technologies closely integrated with geological storage to achieve permanent emission reductions. Both ofthese technologies rely on mature geological storage techniques to securely sequester captured CO2 underground, preventing its re-entryinto the atmosphere and ensuring permanent reductions.This paper details the latest research progress and application status of the rapidlydeveloping DACCS and BECCS technologies. Regarding DACCS, it primarily introduces the two major technologies in DAC—liquidabsorption and solid adsorption—focusing on key materials and process technologies. It also analyzes the current application andeconomic feasibility of DAC technology, summarizes major operational and planned DAC demonstration projects both domestically andinternationally, and forecasts the key research directions for DAC in the future, as well as the feasibility of large-scale DAC deployment.Interms of BECCS, the paper outlines the main components of the BECCS technology chain and its basic process flow. It emphasizes thedevelopment status of various BECCS technology pathways, including biomass thermochemical conversion and biomass biochemicalconversion technologies closely related to fuel products, as well as biomass combustion technology commonly used for power generation.The paper explores the feasibility of deploying BECCS in different biomass energy utilization scenarios, summarizes the currentapplication status of BECCS technology, and lists major BECCS demonstration projects both domestically and abroad. Additionally, it analyzes the economic viability of the technology in connection with the production of green methanol. Based on the actual situation ofChina's biomass resources, the paper also provides an outlook on the future development of BECCS technology.

0 引言

1 直接空气捕集与封存

   1.1 直接空气捕集概述

   1.2 直接空气捕集技术研究进展

   1.3 直接空气捕集技术应用及经济性

2 生物质能耦合碳捕集与封存

   2.1 生物质能耦合碳捕集与封存概述

   2.2 生物质能耦合碳捕集与封存技术研究进展

   2.3 生物质能耦合碳捕集与封存技术应用及经济性

3 结论