CO2捕集与封存技术(CCS)是化石能源与工业低碳转型与碳中和目标实现的托底技术,而CCS项目成本、减排潜力、风险等是其商业化发展的关键挑战。以华能集团燃煤电厂实际机组数据为基础,用基于企业特征与优化后的企业尺度CCS源汇匹配系统评估模型,定量评估了燃煤电厂CCS改造的技术经济性和减排潜力。模型综合了企业排放源筛选、CO2地质利用封存场地评估、全流程CCUS技术经济评估、源汇匹配等方法,考虑全流程CCUS技术组成与成本参数、煤电机组特性、CO2封存场地性能、管道布局规划等条件,可解决企业管理者、决策者和投资者等特别关注的燃煤机组CCUS改造问题。现有技术水平仅考虑CO2强化深部咸水技术(CO2−EWR)、250km匹配距离和85%捕集率情景,华能集团燃煤电厂82%装机容量具有CCS改造条件,累计CO2减排量超过2.64亿t/a,改造后CO2排放强度低于135g/(kW·h)。煤电CCS改造平准化净减排成本均值384元/t,平准化度电增加成本均值332元/(MW·h)。华能煤电CCS低成本项目主要分布于鄂尔多斯、渤海湾、二连盆地、松辽盆地和苏北盆地,分别对典型区域煤电厂CCS改造开展详细技术经济评估,可为早期示范项目提供参考。燃煤电厂可优先部署低成本CO2−EWR示范项目,实现关键技术突破与示范,后续开展CCS集群建设。研究结果可为燃煤电厂通过CCS技术实现规模化减排与低碳转型发展提供借鉴。

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is one of the actively exploring ways to reduce carbon emissions and achievecarbon neutrality goals fossil energy enterprises. Based on the actual unit data of the coal-fired power plants of Huaneng Group, thetechnical economy and development potential of CCS of coal-fired power plants were quantitatively evaluated using an enterprise-scaleCCS source-sink matching system evaluation model optimized based on the characteristics of Huaneng Group. The model integrates themethods of enterprise emission source screening,CO2 geological utilization and storage site assessment,full-chains CCUS technical andeconomic assessment,source-sink matching,etc. The technical and cost parameters of the full-chains CCS,the characteristics of coal-firedpower units,the performance of CO2 storage sites,and pipe networks planning were considered,which can answer the problems of coal-fired power units with CCS retrofitting that are of special concern to enterprise managers, decision-makers and investors. With theexisting technology level,only CO2- enhanced water recovery technology (CO2−EWR),250 km matching distance,and 85% capture ratescenarios were considered. The CCS technology of the enterprise is feasible and contributes significantly to emission reduction. About 82%of the installed capacity of the enterprise is suitable for CCS,cumulative CO2 emission reduction is more than 264 Mt/a,and CO2 emissionintensity is 135 g/(kW·h). The cost of full-chains CCS in the enterprise is controllable. The levelized net emission reduction cost of coal-fired power is 384 yuan/t,and the average levelized additional cost of electricity is 332 yuan/(MW·h). The low-cost CCS projects of Huaneng coal-fired power plants are mainly distributed in Ordos,Bohai Bay,Erlian,Songliao,and Subei Basin. Detailed technical andeconomic evaluations have been carried out for the CCS retrofitting of typical coal-fired power plants in these areas,which can provide areference for early demonstration projects. Considering technological advances and CCS-hub, EWR costs for coal-fired power can bedrastically reduced. Coal-based enterprises can prioritize deploying low-cost CO2-EWR demonstration projects,achieving breakthroughsin key technologies and then set up demonstrations and forming full-chains integrated systems and CCS-hub in the future. Researchfindings provide a basis for coal-based enterprises to reduce large-scale emissions and develop low-carbon transformation through CCStechnology.