针对深部高应力巷道冲击显现往往以底板为突破口失稳破坏的问题, 以陕西彬长矿区孟村煤矿401102工作面75.00 m宽煤柱为工程背景, 分析了临空宽煤柱冲击致灾机制。利用数值模拟技术分析了巷道底板破坏模式, 建立了巷道围岩力源–承载全结构模型, 进一步研究了底板冲击显现机制, 采用震波CT技术原位探测了401102工作面冲击危险指数分布情况, 最后提出了高应力巷道分步、分源多层次全结构防治方法, 并进行了工程实践。研究结果表明, ①临空宽煤柱冲击致灾机制为: 宽煤柱留设提供载荷承载位置, 自重应力提供基础静载荷, 工作面后方及侧向悬顶提供增量静载荷, 其突然破断提供增量动载荷, 多因素条件导致宽煤柱承载应力超过冲击临界值后, 进而发生冲击地压。②巷道底板是煤岩系统动静载荷的主要承载区域, 也是冲击破坏的主要显现区域, 其呈现渐进式破坏模式, 表现为非对称破坏。③静载荷是冲击地压发生的必要条件, 利用震波CT原位探测技术得到401102工作面存在静载集中区, 整体具有中等冲击危险。④为防止冲击启动, 提出了“降低开采扰动–补偿开采扰动–强化巷道支护”的多层次、全结构的防冲技术, 并进行合理的防冲开采规划, 研究结果对冲击地压防治具有一定的借鉴意义。

For the instability and damage caused by the rock burst of high stress roadway in deep areas, which often occur through the bottom plate as a breakthrough point, the 75.00 m wide coal pillar in the 401102 working face of Mengcun Coal Mine in Binchang Mining Area, Shaanxi Province, was taking as the engineering background. The mechanism of disaster caused by the rockburst of the wide coal pillar in the openair was analyzed, and the failure mode of the roadway bottom plate was analyzed using numerical simulation technology. A full structure model of force source bearing of the roadway surrounding rock was established, and the mechanism of bottom plate rock burst manifestation was further studied. The in situ shock wave CT technology was used to detect the distribution of the rock burst hazard index of the 401102 working face. Finally, a multi-level full structure prevention and control method for high stress roadway was proposed by different steps and sources. The results show that the disaster mechanism caused by the rock burst of a wide coal pillar in open air is as follows: the wide coal pillar provides a load bearing position, the self-weight stress provides the foundation static load, the rear and lateral overhang of the working face provide incremental static load, and its sudden rupture provides incremental dynamic load. Multiple factors lead to the bearing stress of the wide coal pillar exceeding the critical value of the rock burst, and then the rock burst ground pressure occurs. The bottom plate of the roadway is the main bearing area for the dynamic and static loads of coal rock system, and it is also the main manifestation area of rock burst failure. It presents a progressive failure mode, manifested as asymmetric failure. Static load is a necessary condition for the occurrence of rockburst ground pressure. Using in-situ seismic CT detection technology, it was found that there is a static load concentration zone in the 401102 working face, which has a moderate rock burst risk overall. To prevent the initiation of rock burst, a multi-level and full structure rock burst prevention technology of "reducing mining disturbance, compensating mining disturbance, strengthening roadway support" has been proposed, and a reasonable rock burst prevention mining plan has been carried out. The research results have certain reference significance for the prevention and control of rock burst.