为解决常规钻孔雷达受雷达波传播特性和复杂矿井地质条件影响，难以对钻孔周围目标体进行定向探测的问题，开展矿井定向钻孔雷达天线技术及定向探测方法的研究。首先，通过辐射面和屏蔽结构的仿真设计，优化天线结构，提高天线的聚焦辐射能力，并有效降低矿井环境中的信号干扰。其次，通过电阻加载仿真分析，实现天线阻抗匹配，提高天线的辐射效率，并优化天线的结构参数，最终选定辐射面张角为60°，屏蔽壳高度为40 mm。然后，构建钻孔雷达定向识别模型，提出基于振幅谱比法确定矿井孔中异常方位角的探测方法。矿井实验结果表明，该定向钻孔雷达能够准确探测并识别煤岩界面及断层小构造的径向探测深度、离孔口距离和相对钻孔方位，探测深度误差不超过0.01 m，目标方位与实际方位的偏差小于1°。

To address the problem that conventional borehole radar has difficulties in performing directional detection of surrounding targets due to the effects of radar wave propagation characteristics and complex geological conditions in mines, research on directional borehole radar antenna technology and directional detection methods has been conducted. First, through the simulation design of the radiation surface and shielding structure, the antenna structure was optimized to improve its focusing radiation ability and effectively reduce signal interference in the mine environment. Next, impedance matching was achieved through resistance loading simulation analysis to improve the antenna's radiation efficiency and optimize its structural parameters. Finally, the radiation surface aperture angle was selected to be 60°, and the shielding shell height was set to 40 mm. A borehole radar directional recognition model was then constructed, and a detection method based on the amplitude spectrum ratio method was proposed to determine the anomalous azimuth angle within the mine borehole. Experimental results in the mine show that this directional borehole radar can accurately detect and identify the radial detection depth, distance from the borehole opening, and relative azimuth of coal-rock interfaces and small fault structures. The detection depth error is less than 0.01 m, and the deviation between the detected and actual target azimuth is less than 1°.