由于冲击地压现场试验危险性高、监测困难、难以控制触发机制等局限,建立有效的物理相似模拟和数值模拟方法是冲击地压机理与防治研究的重要手段。针对冲击地压物理相似模拟,介绍了相似模拟实验材料的研发进展,在静力相似准则基础上发展了煤岩体动力相似准则,提出了惯性力相似条件,在此基础上开展材料研发和相似模型设计,研究表明:由高聚物、石英砂等组成的相似材料与煤岩动力破坏过程的强度和破坏模式等均具有较好的相似性;结合冲击地压应力波场物理相似模拟试验台,开展了波场传播诱冲过程相似模拟实验,发现应力波在顶底板间相互干涉、叠加,形成煤层槽波,应变场整体上也逐步汇聚在煤层,形成局部化带,最终导致冲击破坏。针对冲击地压数值模拟,介绍了有限元法等连续介质力学方法、离散元法等不连续变形模拟方法,以及连续介质力学-不连续变形耦合方法在冲击地压数值模拟中的研究进展,分析了非线性有限元与不平衡力理论在研究冲击地压潜在风险中的应用前景,围绕煤岩体弹射的势动能瞬态转换力学机制,分别阐述了弹射前期高弹性能体形成、弹射中期岩体瞬间脆断和块体形成的非平衡条件、弹射后期块体运动的模拟思路。最后,介绍了近场动力学与有限元耦合模拟算法在模拟煤岩冲击地压连续-非连续转换中的初步应用,取得了预期效果。本研究有望为煤矿冲击地压模拟提供新思路,对于煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。

Due to the limitations of high risks,monitoring challenges,and difficulties in controlling triggering mechanisms during field experiments for rock burst,establishing effective physical similarity simulation and numerical simulation methods has become a critical approach for studying the mechanisms and prevention of rock burst. For physical similarity simulation of rock burst,this study reviews advancements in the development of experimental materials. Building upon static similarity criteria,a dynamic similarity criterion for coal-rock masses is proposed,incorporating inertial force similarity conditions. Based on this, material development and similarity model design are conducted. Studies demonstrate that similarity materials composed of polymers,quartz sand,and other components exhibit favorable similarity in strength and failure modes during dynamic fracturing of coal and rock. Utilizing a physical similarity simulation test platform for stress wave fields in rock burst,experiments on wavefield propagation-induced rock burst processes reveal that stress waves interfere and superimpose between the roof and floor,forming coal seam channel waves. The strain field gradually converges in the coal seam, forming localized zones that ultimately lead to impact failure. For numerical simulation of rock burst, this study discusses advancements in continuum mechanics methods (e. g. ,finite element method),discontinuum deformation approaches (e. g. ,discrete element method),and coupled continuum-discontinuum methods. It analyzes the application prospects of nonlinear finite element and unbalanced force theories in assessing rock burst risks. Focusing on the transient mechanical mechanism of potential-to-kinetic energy conversion during coal-rock ejection,the simulation strategies for three stages are elaborated:formation of high elastic energy bodies in the pre-ejection stage,non-equilibrium conditions for instantaneous brittle fracture and block formation during ejection,and block motion simulation in the post-ejection stage. Finally,preliminary applications of peridynamics-finite element coupled algorithms in simulating continuum-to-discontinuum transitions during coal-rock impact are introduced,achieving expected results. This research provides novel insights for rock burst simulation and holds significant implications for coal mine safety production.