针对黑龙煤业12采区总回风巷在构造应力影响下易发生变形破坏，原有支护方式失效的问题，通过理论分析和数值模拟等多种方法进行巷道围岩变形控制技术分析研究，确定巷道围岩变形机理，针对不同围岩破坏程度，在原支护方案的基础上设计分类支护方案，即针对顶板严重破坏区域使用注浆锚索加固，顶板轻微破坏区域施加补强锚索支护，通过垂直应力和位移场多阶段模拟，验证了优化方案能够有效改善巷道应力状态，控制巷道围岩变形程度，提高支护区域的稳定性，降低矿井支护成本，减少巷道返修周期，保证了工作面的安全高效生产。

In response to the problem of deformation and failure of the original support method under the influence of tectonic stress in the main return air roadway of No.12 mining area of Heilong Coal Industry, various methods such as theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were used to analyze and study the deformation control technology of the roadway surrounding rock, determine the deformation mechanism of the roadway surrounding rock, and design classified support plans based on the original support plan for different degrees of surrounding rock damage. For areas with severe damage, grouting anchor cables were used for reinforcement, and reinforcement anchor cables were applied for support in areas with slight damage. Through multi-stage simulation of vertical stress and displacement fields, the optimization plan could effectively improve the stress state of the roadway, control the deformation of the surrounding rock, improve the stability of the support area, reduce the cost of mine support, reduce the repair cycle of the roadway, and ensure safe and efficient production of the working face.