甲醇是重要的有机化工原料和优质燃料。在气候危机、能源危机背景下,发展甲醇经济利于实现化工、能源和交通运输行业绿色低碳转型,保障能源供应安全。系统地介绍了两步法、一步法CO2加氢制甲醇工艺路线,分析、归纳和梳理了铜基、铟基、固溶体与贵金属催化剂性能表现。由数据可知4类催化剂反应条件集中分布在200~300℃,1.5~5.0MPa。铜基催化剂是目前研究和应用最广的催化剂,其CO2转化率和甲醇选择性中位数分别为13.6和69.2。与铜基催化剂相比,铟基催化剂和固溶体催化剂CO2转化率和甲醇选择性与铜基催化相当,但稳定性更优。而贵金属催化剂CO2转化率(最佳值66,最小值0.6)和甲醇选择性(最佳值100,最小值11)极值差别大且少见稳定性相关的数据。固溶体催化剂在工业条件表现出优异的催化性能和稳定性,可能成为未来规模化应用的催化剂种类之一。此外,梳理了国内和国际现有CO2加氢制甲醇的项目与技术路线。目前国内外二氧化碳加氢制甲醇项目数量不断增多,其中部分已建成投产,甲醇生产能力从4000t/a到200000t/a不等。目前这些项目甲醇生产碳源主要来自工业排放源CO2捕集装置,而氢气主要通过电解水获取。碳中和目标下,CO2加氢制甲醇技术的重要性愈发显著,建议从CO2加氢制甲醇催化剂技术研发和项目产业化应用方面加大支持力度。

Methanol is a crucial organic raw material and fuel,particularly in the context of the climate and energy crisis. Developinga methanol economy is crucial to promoting a green,low-carbon transformation of the chemical,energy,and transportation sectors while ensuring a secure energy supply. A comprehensive overview of the CO hydrogenation process routes to methanol was offered,including an analysis and summary of the performance of copper-based,indium-based,solid solution,and noble metal catalysts. The data show that thereaction conditions of all four types of catalysts are concentrated at 200-300 ℃ and 1.5-5.0 MPa. While copper-based catalysts werethe most widely studied and applied,with a median CO conversion and methanol selectivity of 13.6 and 69.2,respectively ,indium-based catalysts and solid solution catalystshavecomparable CO conversion and methanol selectivity but exhibit better stability. The extremevalues of CO conversion and methanol selectivity for noble metal catalysts vary significantly,with limited data related to stability. Solid solution catalysts demonstrate exceptional catalytic performance and stability under industrial conditions,making them a promising catalysttype for large-scale application in the future. Furthermore,this paper provides an overview of existing CO hydrogenation to methanol projects and technical routes both domestically and abroad. The number of carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol projects is increasing,with production capacities ranging from 4 000 t/ a to 200 000 t/ a. Industrial emission source CO capture devices as the carbon source andelectrolytic water as the primary source of hydrogen were primarily relied on. As the goal of carbon neutralization becomes increasingly critical,the CO hydrogenation to methanol technology becomes even more vital. Therefore,it is recommended that the research and development of CO hydrogenation to methanol catalyst technology receive greater support,as well as the industrial application of the project.