School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology
Department of Energy and PowerEngineering,Tsinghua University
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems,Institute of Process Engineering

氨作为协调电力需求响应与可再生源能间歇性的理想清洁能源载体备受国际范围关注。目前,氨燃烧技术的发展面临低排放、多燃料兼容、宽负荷调节和多场景应用的需求,而现有基于传统碳氢燃料的燃烧技术难以匹配氨的高效利用。探寻组织优化与智能化的掺烧技术是提升氨清洁高效燃烧的着力点。首先分析了掺氨燃烧面临的主要技术挑战,并归纳了不同工况下氨燃烧过程氮转化路径及NOx生成抑制机理。在此基础上,总结了现有主要氨燃烧的技术特点、燃烧调控机制及应用现状;从分级分区燃烧组织方式、时空混合特征、燃料改性及智能设计预测与调控等方面,探讨提升多燃料/氨清洁高效燃烧性能的可行性方案及技术路线。结果表明:通过含氮燃料与碳氢燃料燃料-氧化剂分级分区燃烧,同时结合氨燃料改性,协同实现温度-氧浓度-停留时间的优化匹配,或将成为掺氨燃料稳定清洁燃烧的高效手段。此外,实验室尺度到工业级燃烧室模化技术的突破,以及AI技术的接入,能够加速实现掺氨燃烧技术的工业化。研究为多燃料掺氨燃烧技术及燃烧器的开发设计提供了理论及技术借鉴。

Ammonia,as an ideal clean energy carrier for balancing power demand response and renewable energy intermittency,hasgarnered international attention. Currently,the development of ammonia combustion technology faces demands for low emissions,multi-fuel compatibility,wide load regulation,and multi-scenario applications. Existing combustion technologies based on traditionalhydrocarbon fuels struggle to efficiently utilize ammonia fuel. The focus of enhancing the clean and efficient combustion of ammonia liesin the exploration of optimization strategies for combustion structure and intelligent combustion technology. First,the main technicalchallenges of ammonia-blended combustion are analyzed,and then the nitrogen conversion pathways and NOx suppression mechanismsunder various conditions are summarized. Based on this,the paper reviews the technical characteristics,combustion control mechanisms,and current application status of major existing ammonia combustion technologies. Furthermore,it explores feasible schemes andtechnical routes to enhance the clean and efficient combustion performance of multi-fuel/ammonia mixtures from aspects such as stagedand zoned combustion organization,fuel decomposition,spatiotemporal mixing characteristics,and intelligent prediction and designcontrol. The results indicate that the implementation of staged and zoned combustion strategies for nitrogen - containing fuels andhydrocarbon fuels in their respective reactions with oxidizers,concurrently incorporating the modification of ammonia fuel,and synergistically attaining the optimal matching of temperature,oxygen concentration,and residence time,holds the potential to emerge asan efficacious means for the stable and clean combustion of ammonia - blended fuels.Furthermore,the advent of breakthroughs in thescaling - up technologies that bridge the gap from laboratory - scale to industrial - grade combustion chambers,in conjunction with theseamless integration of AI technology,is anticipated to expeditiously propel the industrial realization of ammonia combustiontechnology.The aim is to provide theoretical and technical references for the development and design of multi-fuel ammonia-blendedcombustion technologies and burners.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB4003903);北京市教委一般资助项目(KM202310017008,KM202210017008)

杨远平,马佳琪,王茜,等.掺氨燃料先进清洁燃烧技术研究进展及探讨[J].洁净煤技术,2025,31(3):29−40.

YANG Yuanping,MA Jiaqi,WANG Xi,et al. Research progress and discussion on advanced multi-fuel/ammoniacombustion technologies[J].Clean Coal Technology,2025,31(3):29−40.