针对工业过程CO2和固废排放的问题,减污降碳刻不容缓。CO2矿化技术在封存CO2的同时固废得到资源化利用,受到广泛关注。论述了不同工业固废作为CO2矿化原料的利用情况,对比分析了不同矿化工艺优缺点及CO2矿化机理,总结了不同CO2矿化工艺研究现状和工业化应用情况。研究发现,目前针对固废CO2矿化缺乏机制性解释,无法有效控制金属离子的浸取过程和矿化过程中气液固传质的效率,同时矿化形成的碳酸盐产品存在粒径大、易团聚、功能单一等问题。未来需进一步研究浸渍过程中表面溶剂扩散等控制浸取速率和程度的机制;深入研究碳酸盐成核结晶动力学机制及碳酸盐晶体形貌、粒度调控方法;构建煤基固废浸取、矿化溶质气-液-固传输模型,进行工艺参数优化和过程强化并确定放大规律;进一步加强CO2矿化利用技术全生命周期和经济评价;最后,需加大CO2矿化利用技术的中试、示范技术集成和成套工艺建设,为规模化减污降碳技术的工业化发展奠定技术支撑。

and solid waste emissions in industrial processes, it is urgent to reduce pollution and carbon. COmineralization technology has attracted more and more attention because it can be used as resources while storing CO. The utilization ofdifferent industrial solid waste as raw materials for CO mineralization was discussed, the advantages and disadvantages of different mineralization processes and the mechanism of CO mineralization were compared and analyzed, and research status and industrial application ofdifferent CO mineralization processes were summarized. It is found that at present, there is no mechanical explanation for solid waste COmineralization, and it is impossible to effectively control the leaching process of metal ions and the efficiency of gas-liquid-solid masstransfer in the mineralization process. At the same time, carbonate products formed by mineralization have some problems, such as largeparticle size, easy agglomeration and single function. The mechanism of controlling leaching rate and degree, such as surface solvent diffusion, should be further investigated in future research. The dynamic mechanism of nucleation and crystallization of carbonate and the control methods of morphology and particle size of carbonate crystals should be studied. It is important to establish the gas-liquid-solid transport model of coal-based solid waste leaching and mineralized solute, optimize the process parameters, carry out process strengthening,and determine the scale-up law. The whole life cycle and economic evaluation of CO mineralization utilization technology should be further strengthened to make it more energy saving and cost saving. Finally, it is necessary to increase the integration of pilot and demonstration technologies and complete process construction of CO mineralization utilization technology to lay technical support for the industrialdevelopment of large-scale pollution reduction and carbon reduction technologies.

0 引言

1 CO2矿化原料

2 CO2矿化工艺及机理

   2.1 直接碳酸化工艺与机理

   2.2 间接碳酸化工艺与机理

   2.3 吸收-矿化一体化技术与机理

3 CO2矿化研究现状

   3.1 直接碳酸化

   3.2 间接湿法碳酸化

   3.3 吸收-矿化一体化技术

4 CO2矿化应用

5 结语及展望