Xi’an Research Institute Co., Ltd.,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp.
State Key Laboratory of Coal MineDisaster Prevention and Control
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Coal mine Water Hazard Control
ShaanxiProvince “Four Main Bodies and One Combination” School Enterprise Joint Research Center for Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of MiningAreas (Coal Mines) in the Middle of the Yellow River Basin

神东和陕北煤炭基地地处西部干旱与半干旱地区,是我国煤炭资源开发与地下水资源保护矛盾最为突出的地区。开展煤矿开采对地下水资源影响分析评价是环境影响评价重要组成部分,是煤矿根据地下水资源保护要求,进行保水开采技术方法优选,建立的绿色开发模式的基础工作。通过系统分析陕北和神东煤炭基地的地质与水文地质条件,总结了不同开采区保水目标层、阻水关键层、采动水文地质结构,以及地下水资源失水模式的差异,分析得出在中~浅部矿区普遍以近地表第四系松散含水层与局部呈条带状分布的烧变含水岩组为保水目标层,第四系离石组黄土层和新近系保德组红土层为阻水关键层;在深部矿区近地表第四系松散孔隙含水层与白垩系孔隙-裂隙含水层共同构成了深部煤炭资源开发的保水目标层,以白垩系底部的安定组砂质泥岩地层为阻水关键层,并根据煤层采动导水裂隙与不同采煤区的阻水关键层、保水目标层的组合关系,总结得出陕北与神东煤炭基地保水目标层的5种失水模式;梳理了煤矿开采对地下水资源影响评价的相关要求与规程规范,结合陕北和神东煤炭基地不同开采区地下水资源失水模式差异,分析了相关评价方法的技术现状及其局限性;最后针对煤矿开采对地下水资源影响评价技术需求,提出了采动导水裂隙概化与数值化处理、地下水资源流失动态计算、煤-水协同动态平台模型的构建方法,以及煤矿开采对生态水位、保水含水层结构、地下水资源量影响程度3个评价指标,以期为科学评价煤炭开采对地下水资源影响程度,开展“以水定产”形势下的煤-水资源协调开发提供参考。

The Shendong and Shaanbei coal bases are located in the arid and semi-arid regions of the western region,and are the most prominent areas in China where the contradiction between coal resource development and groundwaterresource protection is prominent.The impact assessment of coal mining on groundwater resources is an important partof the environmental impact assessment. It is the basic work for the coal mine to optimize the water conservation min-ing technology according to the requirements of groundwater resources protection and establish the coal develop-ment mode of “determining production by water resources”. By systematically analyzing the geological and hydrogeo-logical conditions of Northern Shaanxi and Shendong coal bases,the differences in mining hydrogeological structure,water conservation target layer,water barrier key layer and groundwater loss mode in different mining areas are summa-rized in this paper. The research shows that in the middle to shallow mining areas,the main target layer for water re-tention is the loose aquifer of the Quaternary system,with the loess layer of the Lishi Formation of the Quaternary sys-tem and the red soil layer of the Baode Formation of the Neogene system as the key layers for water retention.In deep mining areas,the loose pore aquifer of the Quaternary system and the pore fracture aquifer of the Cretaceoussystem jointly constitute the water retention target layer for deep coal resource development,with the sandy mudstonelayer of the Anding Formation at the bottom of the Cretaceous system as the key water barrier layer. Based on the com-bination relationship between coal seam mining induced by water conducting fractures and key water blocking layersand water retention target layers in different coal mining areas,five water loss modes of water retention target layersin the Shaanbei and Shendong coal bases are summarized. We have sorted out the relevant requirements and regula-tions for evaluating the impact of coal mining on groundwater resources,combined with the differences in groundwaterloss patterns in different mining areas of Shaanbei and Shendong coal bases,and analyzed the technical status and lim-itations of relevant evaluation methods. Finally,in response to the technical requirements for evaluating the impact ofscientific coal mining on groundwater resources,we put forward the generalization and numerical treatment of mininginduced water conducting fracture zone,the construction method of coal water collaborative dynamic platform modelfor dynamic calculation of groundwater loss,and three evaluation indexes of the impact of coal mining on ecologicalwater level,water retaining aquifer structure and groundwater resources,so as to provide reference for scientific evalua-tion of the impact of coal mining on groundwater resources and the coordinated development of coal water resourcesunder the situation of “determining production by water resources”.

中国煤炭科工集团科技创新重点资助项目(2024-TD-ZD009-01);中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司科技创新基金资助项目(2023XAYJS13)

赵春虎,王世东,靳德武,等.陕北与神东煤炭基地煤矿开采对地下水资源影响研究现状与评价方法[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(1):48-57.

ZHAO Chunhu, WANG Shidong, JIN Dewu, et al. Research status and evaluation methods on the impactof coal mining on groundwater resources in Shaanbei and Shendong coal bases[J].Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(1):48-57.