基于X射线衍射实验和傅里叶红外光谱实验，探讨了新疆准东、准南、吐哈及库拜煤田6组煤样的微晶结构特征及演化规律。结果表明：低阶煤中，002峰和100峰均峰形平缓，002峰随煤阶的增高逐渐尖锐，且“对称性”变好，100峰高度逐渐增高，但峰宽逐渐变窄；随着煤样变质程度的增大，芳香层片堆砌高度、延展度及其数量逐渐增大，芳香层片间距整体上呈下降趋势，煤中芳香结构的缩合程度逐渐增大；芳香族化合物和含氧官能团波段峰形尖锐，脂肪烃类物质和羟基官能团波段峰形平缓，均随着煤阶的升高而逐渐宽缓；随着煤阶的升高，芳香度脂肪链长及其支链化程度、成熟度逐渐减小，而缩聚程度、生烃（油）能力逐渐增大；煤的演化过程以含氧官能团的脱落、脂肪烃类的富集、部分芳烃的缩聚为特征。

Based on X ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the microcrystalline structure characteristics and evolution patterns of a total of 6 coal samples from the eastern Junggar, southern Junggar, Tuha, and Kubai coalfields in Xinjiang were investigated. The peak shape of 002 and 100 peaks in low-rank coal is gentle, the peak 002 becomes sharper and the “symmetry” becomes better with the increase of coal rank, and the peak height of the peak 100 gradually increases but the peak width gradually shrinks. The height of the peak 100 gradually increases but the width gradually narrows; with the increase of coal sample metamorphism, the stacking height, elongation and quantity of aromatic laminates increase gradually, the spacing of aromatic laminates decreases on the whole, and the condensation degree of aromatic structures in coal increases gradually; the peak shape of aromatic compounds and oxygen-containing functional groups is sharp, and the peak shape of aliphatic hydrocarbons and hydroxyl functional groups is gentle, which gradually widens and slows down with the rise of coal rank; with the increase of coal rank, the aromaticity, fat chain length, branched chain degree and maturity gradually decrease, while the polycondensation degree and hydrocarbon (oil) generation ability gradually increase. The evolution process of coal is characterized by the shedding of oxygen-containing functional groups, the enrichment of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and the condensation of some aromatics.