喷雾特性对喷雾降尘效果具有重要影响，提升雾化效果可有效改善工作面环境。压力喷嘴内、外流场与液态介质之间相互作用复杂，当前喷雾研究中存在着现场应用喷嘴选择没有明确依据，喷雾特性控制具有盲目性等问题，为工作面高效降尘带来困难。以矿井中常用的各类单喷嘴为研究对象，研究喷嘴类型、供水压力、孔径3个关键参数对射程、流量、雾化角、轴线射流速度4个喷雾特性的影响，利用灰色关联分析法研究不同参数对喷雾特性影响的重要度，并根据分析结果对井下采煤机和液压支架不同位置处喷嘴进行优选，并对不同类型喷嘴的喷雾过程进行优化控制。研究结果表明：单喷嘴的种类、供水压力和孔径对宏观喷雾特性的影响形式和重要度均有区别；SMP喷嘴、螺旋喷嘴分别适合采煤机内、外喷雾，旋流芯喷嘴适合做前探梁和尾梁喷嘴，扇形喷嘴、空心锥喷嘴分别适合做顶梁和架间喷雾；利用影响因素重要度确定雾化喷嘴敏感指标，对降尘系统进行喷雾控制优化，有效提升喷嘴与工程环境匹配度，研究结果可为加快建设煤矿井下高敏感度、多方位、全覆盖可控湿式除尘体系提供理论依据。

The spray characteristics have an important impact on the dust reduction effect of spray, and improving the atomization effect can effectively improve the working face environment. The interaction between the internal and external flow fields of the pressure nozzle and the liquid medium is complex. There are some problems in the current spray research, such as no clear basis for the selection of on-site application nozzles, blindness in the control of spray characteristics, etc., which bring difficulties to the efficient dust suppression of the working face. Taking all kinds of single nozzles commonly used in the mine as the research object, this study studies the influence of three key parameters of nozzle type, water supply pressure and aperture on the four spray characteristics of range, flow, atomization angle and axial jet velocity, studies the importance of different parameters on the influence of spray characteristics by using the grey correlation analysis method, and optimizes the nozzles at different positions of the underground shearer and hydraulic support according to the analysis results, and the spray process of different types of nozzles was optimized. The results show that the type of single nozzle, water supply pressure and aperture have different influence forms and importance on macro spray characteristics; SMP nozzle and spiral nozzle are respectively suitable for internal and external spray of shearer, swirl core nozzle is suitable for front probe beam and tail beam nozzle, fan nozzle and hollow cone nozzle are respectively suitable for roof beam and inter rack spray; the importance of the influencing factors is used to determine the sensitivity index of the atomizing nozzle, optimize the spray control of the dust suppression system, and effectively improve the matching degree between the nozzle and the engineering environment. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for accelerating the construction of a highly sensitive, multi-directional, fully covered and controllable wet dust removal system in coal mines.