冲击地压的发生往往具有区域性特征，而矿井地质条件是造成这种区域性特征的重要影响因素。为揭示复杂地质条件对冲击地压危险性的影响，以乌东煤矿为工程背景，综合采用案例分析、数值模拟、理论推导和现场监测等方法，研究了急倾斜特厚煤层冲击地压的区域性分布特征及其主控因素。历史案例分析表明：乌东煤矿的冲击地压破坏主要集中在工作面里程1 500~2 000 m范围内；在该范围内，中间岩柱宽度较小，而中间岩柱宽度较大的区域则冲击地压破坏较少。通过建立乌东煤矿复杂三维地质模型进行数值模拟研究发现：在急倾斜特厚煤层两煤层交替开采时，煤层内的集中应力会通过中间岩柱传递至另一煤层，从而进一步增大煤层的集中应力和能量。理论推导表明：中间岩柱是应力传播的主要路径，且岩柱宽度越小，传播距离越短，煤层应力的增幅越高，冲击地压的危险性也越大。现场监测数据显示：中间岩柱宽度较大的区域，围岩能量释放以中低能级微震事件为主，高能级微震事件较少；而中间岩柱宽度较小的区域内，高能级微震事件明显增多，围岩能量释放更为剧烈，冲击地压危险显著增加。研究结果表明：中间岩柱宽度是冲击地压区域性分布的主控因素，岩柱宽度与冲击地压危险性呈负相关关系。

Rock bursts often exhibit regional characteristics, and the geological conditions of mines are important factors influencing these regional characteristics. To investigate the impact of complex geological conditions on the risk of rock bursts, this study takes Wudong Coal Mine as the engineering background and employs methods such as case analysis, numerical simulation, theoretical derivation, and field monitoring to study the regional distribution characteristics of rock bursts in steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seams and their controlling factors. Historical case analysis indicates that rock burst damage in Wudong Coal Mine is primarily concentrated within 1 500-2 000 m range along the working face; within this range, areas with narrower interlayer pillars experience more severe rock burst damage, while regions with wider pillar are less affected. Numerical simulation based on a complex three-dimensional geological model of Wudong Coal Mine reveals that during alternating mining of two coal seams in steeply inclined and extremely thick coal layers, concentrated stress within one seam can be transmitted through the interlayer pillar to the other seam, further increasing the concentrated stress and energy in the coal seam. Theoretical derivation indicates that interlayer pillars are the primary stress transmission paths. Narrower pillar widths result in shorter transmission distances, greater stress amplification in the coal seam, and higher rock burst risk. Field monitoring data show that in areas with wider interlayer pillars, energy release from surrounding rock is dominated by low and medium level micro-seismic events, and few high level micro-seismic events. Conversely, in areas with narrower interlayer pillars, high-energy micro-seismic events are significantly more frequent, and energy release from surrounding rock is more intense, leading to a notable increase in rock burst risk. The research result reveals that the width of intermediate rock pillar is the main controlling factor of the regional distribution of rock burst, and the width of rock pillar is negatively correlated with the risk of rock burst.