为了解煤矸石自燃过程中的物理和化学反应特性，分析煤矸石自燃的关键控制因素，采用工业分析仪、元素分析仪、硫含量测定仪、煤自燃倾向性测定仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和热重分析仪对沁水煤田的QX（沁新）、XS（新升）和XZ（新庄），霍西煤田的SJH（三交河），东胜煤田的FM（富民）和BPW（宝平湾），神府煤田的SGT（石圪台）以及荥巩煤田的DYG（大峪沟）煤矿的8种煤矸石进行了评价，并建立了煤矸石自燃危险性的评价模型。结果表明：FM、BPW、SGT、DYG煤矸石灰分含量高，而挥发分、固定碳含量较低，这与元素分析的结果一致；此外，煤矸石自燃机理可以认为是煤自燃机理和黄铁矿自燃机理的耦合，煤矸石自燃的本质是一种氧化过程，而QX、XS、XZ、SJH煤矸石中黄铁矿硫含量、物理吸氧量及脂肪族C−H活性组分含量相对更高；在热重分析中，BPW煤矸石着火点温度及受热分解阶段所需要的活化能相对较低；最终确定的6个自燃关键控制因素为灰分含量、黄铁矿硫含量、物理吸氧量、活性官能团含量（脂肪族C−H组分）、着火点温度、自燃反应活化能。

To study the physical and chemical reaction characteristics during the spontaneous combustion process, and analyze the key controlling factors of coal gangue spontaneous combustion, industrial analyzers, elemental analyzers, sulfur content testers, coal spontaneous combustion tendency testers, Fourier transform infrared spectrometers, and thermogravimetric analyzers are used to evaluate coal gangue from eight coal mines: QX (Qinxin), XS (Xinsheng), XZ (Xinzhuang) from Qinshui Coalfield, SJH (Sanjiaohe) from Huoxi Coalfield, FM (Fumin) and BPW (Baopingwan) from Dongsheng Coalfield, SGT (Shigeitai) from Shenfu Coalfield, and DYG (Dayugou) from Xinggong Coalfield, and a risk assessment model for coal gangue spontaneous combustion is established. The results show that FM, BPW, SGT, and DYG coal gangues have high ash content but relatively low volatile matter and fixed carbon, which is consistent with the elemental analysis results. Moreover, the spontaneous combustion mechanism of coal gangue is considered to be a coupling of the coal combustion mechanism and pyrite combustion mechanism, with the essence of coal gangue spontaneous combustion being an oxidation process. The pyrite sulfur content, physical oxygen absorption, and the content of aliphatic C−H active components are relatively higher in QX, XS, XZ, and SJH coal gangues. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals the ignition point temperature and the activation energy required for the thermal decomposition stage of the gangue; the BPW coal gangue has relatively low ignition point temperature and activation energy for the thermal decomposition stage. The six key controlling factors for spontaneous combustion of coal gangue are thus identified: ash content, pyrite sulfur content, physical oxygen absorption, active functional group content (aliphatic C−H components), ignition point temperature, and activation energy of spontaneous combustion reactions.