为控制复合厚硬顶板条件下工作面动压显现情况，以鄂尔多斯某矿为例，通过理论分析阐明厚硬顶板小煤柱巷道失稳主要分为变形失稳和冲击失稳，结合微震监测和地表岩移观测分析覆岩运动对动压显现的潜在影响，明确高位顶板预卸压的必要性，在此基础上设计顶板高低位加强爆破方案，并将机械化装药设备投入实践。结果表明：采用机械化装药后，单组装药人数由6人减为3人，超深孔单孔装药时长控制在50 min以内；33109工作面二次“见方”区域微震活动呈现低频低能的趋势，微震事件超前分布范围由238 m降低至168 m，超前影响区域缩小29.4%；支架末阻力整体呈降低趋势，尤其在工作面中部到回风巷一侧范围内下降较为明显；顶板垮落在回风巷一侧能够紧跟端头支架，在运输巷一侧悬顶长度一般不超过5 m。

In order to control the dynamic pressure behavior of the working face under the condition of composite thick and hard roof, taking a mine in Ordos as an example, through theoretical analysis, it is clarified that the instability of small coal pillar roadway with thick and hard roof is mainly divided into deformation instability and impact instability. Combined with micro-seismic monitoring and surface rock movement observation, the potential impact of overlying rock movement on dynamic pressure manifestation is analyzed, and the necessity of pre-pressure relief of high roof is clarified. On this basis, a high-low reinforcement blasting scheme for the roof was designed, and mechanized charging equipment was put into practice. The results showed that after using mechanized charging, the number of people in a single group was reduced from 6 to 3, and the duration of single hole charging for ultra-deep holes was controlled within 50 minutes. The micro-seismic activity in the secondary “square” area of the 33109 working face showed a trend of low frequency and low energy. The distribution range of micro-seismic events in advance had decreased from 238 m to 168 m, and the affected area had decreased by 29.4%. The overall resistance at the end of the support showed a decreasing trend, especially within the range from the middle of the working face to the side of the return air channel, where the decrease was more significant. The collapse of the roof on one side of the return airway could closely follow the end support, and the length of the suspended roof on the transport roadway side was generally not more than 5 m.