从岩层控制理论、监测预警技术及装备、矿压规律及数据分析、防控手段等方面系统地阐述了当前我国煤矿开采工作面顶板灾害方面的研究现状。当前工作面顶板灾害依然是制约我国煤矿安全生产的重要因素,近两年来无论是顶板灾害起数还是伤亡人数,均呈明显上升的趋势,顶板灾害防控依然严峻。在矿压基础理论研究方面,国内科研人员相继提出了“砌体梁”、“传递岩梁”、“组合悬臂梁–铰接岩梁”、“切落体”和“分区支撑理论”等力学结构模型,明确了不同岩层赋存条件下顶板灾害致灾机理;在顶板灾害监测预警方面,我国煤矿已经开始摆脱传统单一的近场矿压监测,逐步向工作面近、远场顶板状态联合实时监测、动态感知、协同预警发展,实现矿压监测系统监测近场支架工作阻力、顶板下沉量、煤体应力等,微震监测系统监测工作面远场上覆岩层顶板断裂位置和能量大小;在矿压规律及数据分析方面,总结了浅埋深、坚硬顶板、非坚硬顶板不同围岩赋存状态下工作面矿压规律,明确了各条件下支架工作阻力的增阻特性;在顶板灾害防治方面,针对不同围岩赋存条件下易发生的顶板灾害类型,形成了相对应的顶板灾害防治技术,针对矿压显现较强烈,容易发生顶板灾害的坚硬顶板矿井,通过顶板深孔爆破、浅孔水力压裂、井下定向区域水力压裂、地面水力压裂等技术,有效地预防了顶板灾害的发生。总体而言,我国工作面顶板灾害防控理论及技术体系仍在不断完善,随着新技术的不断发展和智能化矿井的建设,顶板灾害的智能预警及联动防控将获得更大的发展。

The paper systematically review the state of art of roof disasters in coal mining faces in China, mainlyfocusing on strata control theory, monitoring and early warning technology and equipment, mine pressure lawsand data analysis, and control measures. To date, the roof disaster of themining face is still an important factorrestricting the safe production of coal mines in China. In the past two years, both the number of roof disasters andthe number of casualties have shown an obvious upward trend, and the prevention and control of roof disasters isstill severe. In the field of basic theoretical research on mining pressure, researchers have successively proposedmechanical structural models in China, such as "masonry beam", "transferring rock beam", "combined suspendedbeam-hinged rock beam", "cutting block", and "zoning support theory ", clarifying the disaster mechanism of roofdisasters  under  different  rock  strata  conditions;  In  the  aspect  of  roof  disaster  monitoring  and  early  warning,China's coal mines have begun to get rid of the traditional single near-field mine pressure monitoring. Instead, thereal-time monitoring, dynamic perception and cooperative early warning of the near and far field roof states of theworking face have gradually developed. This improvement helps to establish the mine pressure monitoring systemto  monitor  the  working  resistance  of  the  support,  roof  subsidence,  coal  stress  in  the  near  field,  and  themicroseismic monitoring system to monitor the fracture location and energy of the roof of the overlying strata inthe far field. In the aspects of mine pressure law and data analysis, the mine pressure law of mining face underdifferent surrounding rock conditions of shallow buried depth, hard roof and non-hard roof is summarized, andthe  increasing  characteristics  of  working  resistance  of  support  under  various  conditions  are  clarified.  In  roofdisaster prevention and control, the corresponding roof disaster prevention technology is formed according to theroof disaster types. For the hard roof mine with strong mine pressure and high probability to roof disaster, roofdeep-hole blasting, shallow-hole hydraulic fracturing, underground directional area hydraulic fracturing, surfacehydraulic  fracturing  and  other  technologies  are  implemented  to  effectively  prevent  the  occurrence  of  roofdisasters. Generally speaking, the theory and technical system of roof disaster prevention and control of miningface  in  China  is  still  being  improved.  With  the  continuous  development  of  the  new  technology  and  theconstruction of intelligent mine, the intelligent early warning and joint prevention and control of roof disaster willfoster great development.