College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology

煤炭洗选是实现煤炭清洁高效利用的前提和基础,洗选过程产生的固体废弃物(矸石和尾煤等)产量逐年增加,其综合治理及利用已经成为亟待解决的重要问题。论文介绍了选煤固废的理化特性,系统总结了选煤固废资源化利用研究进展,就选煤固废综合利用技术的现存问题和发展方向进行了展望。煤矸石和尾煤含有大量的硅铝化物及锂、镓、钛等微量元素,在燃烧发电、充填、建筑材料制备、土壤改良、高值化利用等方面具有广阔的应用前景。相对而言,目前煤矸石的综合利用途径更为全面,尤其是以超高水充填技术、采选充+X技术等技术为代表的矸石充填开采,具有煤矸石大宗处理的巨大潜力。尾煤的资源化利用是近年来的热点,在环境治理、土壤改良等方面取得了突破,可以用来制备吸附剂、土壤改良剂等材料。选煤固废资源化利用未来应着眼于适应市场需求以及可持续发展理念,通过完善技术、引入智能化等进一步实现选煤固废高效、安全、环保、分级梯级利用。

Coal beneficiation is the premise and foundation for clean and efficient utilization of coal, and the solid waste (gangue and tailing, etc. ) generated from the beneficiation process has been increasing year by year, and its comprehensive treatment and utilization has become an important problem to be solved. The physical and chemical properties of coal beneficiation solid waste is introduced, the research progress on resource utilization of the waste is summarized, and the existing problems and development direction of comprehensive utilization technology is analyzed and prospected. Coal beneficiation solid waste, mainly comprised of coal gangue and coal tailing, is endowed with a considerable amount of lithium, gallium, titanium and other trace elements, which provides promising utilization potential in power generation, mine filling, building materials preparation, soil reclamation, and high value utilization. At present, the utilization path of coal gangue is more comprehensive, in which, used as filling material has a great potential for bulk consumption, represented by ( super) high water filling technology, mining filling+X technology. Resource utilization of tailing coal is a hot spot in recent years, and breakthroughs have been made in environmental management and soil improvement, which can be used to prepare adsorbents, soil conditioners and other materials. The future of coal solid waste should also focus on adapting to market demand and the concept of sustainable development, through technology improvement , the introduction of intelligentization and so on to further realize the efficient, safe and environmentally friendly comprehensive utilization of solid waste coal beneficiation.

董宪姝.选煤固废资源化利用研究进展[J].煤炭工程,2024,56(10):108-121.