粉煤灰是燃煤电厂产生的大宗固体残余物，其产量巨大且逐年增加。大量的粉煤灰不加以处理，则会对生态环境造成危害，也是一种资源的浪费。粉煤灰建材化利用技术可提高资源利用效率、减低环境风险，符合大宗固废高效低碳资源化利用的需求，助力实现国家“双碳”战略目标。利用粉煤灰生产绿色建筑材料，通过优化生产工艺与开发高新技术，可提高其建材化利用效率，进而实现粉煤灰的规模化与高值化利用。总结了粉煤灰的生产概况与物理化学特性，在此基础上，系统地介绍了近年来我国主要粉煤灰建材化利用技术类型，包括用作水泥生产原料、混凝土掺合料、粉煤灰砖、人造骨料、玻璃陶瓷材料、耐火保温材料和新型智能建筑材料等。进一步重点阐述粉煤灰在建材领域资源化利用的研究现状，分析了现阶段不同技术的适用性，总结粉煤灰基绿色建材制备最新技术及未来研究面临的挑战，详细介绍了粉煤灰应用在建筑材料中的作用机理，针对粉煤灰在建材化利用中存在的问题提出思考。最后，对粉煤灰基绿色建材的研发和应用前景进行展望，提出粉煤灰“传统建材化工艺的大规模消纳”与“新型建材化技术的高值化利用”并行研究，理论研究与工程实践互为支撑，为粉煤灰建材化利用研究提供参考。

Pulverized fuel ash (PFA) is a by-product from coal-fired power plants. The generation of PFA is huge and increases yearly. A large amount of untreated PFA is harmful to the environment, and it is also a waste of resources. Recycling PFA as construction materials would improve resource utilization efficiency, reduce environmental risks, conform to the demand for high-efficient and low-carbon utilization of solid waste and help to achieve the national strategy goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The utilization efficiency of PFA as construction materials could be improved by optimizing production processes and developing new technologies, which would promote its large-scale and high-value utilization. In this paper, the general situation and physical and chemical properties of PFA are summarized. Various value-added utilization technologies of PFA as construction materials, including raw materials for cement production, supplementary cementitious materials, bricks and blocks, artificial aggregates, glass-ceramic materials, fire-resistant insulation materials, and new intelligent construction materials are comprehensively reviewed. This paper also introduces the research status of the utilization of PFA in construction materials, analyzes the applicability of different technologies, summarizes the latest technologies for preparing the PFA-based green construction materials and challenges faced in future research, provides detailed introductions to the mechanism of PFA application, and proposes thoughts on the problems existing in the utilization of PFA as construction materials. Finally, the further perspectives of the development of the PFA-derived low-carbon construction materials are highlighted. The study suggests that the “traditional large-scale consumption of PFA” and “high-value utilization of PFA” should be researched in parallel, and theoretical research and engineering practice should support each other, which would provide some scientific references for the sustainable management of PFA.