芳烃是化学工业的基石,广泛地应用于化工各领域。我国富煤、贫油、少气的资源条件,使得寻找替代石油制芳烃技术的需求日益迫切。为了缓解国内芳烃稳定供应的压力,煤制芳烃技术作为有力解决方法之一,需要深入了解其研究现状。介绍了煤基合成气制芳烃、煤基油品制芳烃和煤基二氧化碳制芳烃三种工艺的反应路径和技术进展,分析了各种工艺的特点及存在的问题。由于催化性能问题,煤基合成气制芳烃、煤基二氧化碳制芳烃两种技术在经济性上与石油制芳烃技术存在差距,未来还需要进一步提高两种技术中催化剂的性能和稳定性;对于煤基油品制芳烃技术,焦化芳烃的收率低导致芳烃产能供应不足,需要进一步提升焦化芳烃的收率;煤直接液化制芳烃技术需要解决设备国产化问题;煤炭分质利用制芳烃技术需要发展高效脱氮工艺解决原料含氮量高的问题,并通过中低温煤焦油分级转化利用来解决下游产品单一问题,从而提高产品整体经济性。基于以上问题,提出煤热解-气化-燃烧一体化制芳烃的思路,为解决我国芳烃稳定供给问题提供参考。

Aromatics serve as the cornerstones of the chemical industry and are extensive- ly utilized across various industrial sectors. The unique resource conditions in China, character- ized by rich coal reserves, limited oil availability and scarce natural gas, make it increasingly ur- gent to explore alternative technologies for aromatics production from petroleum sources. To ad- dress the challenge of ensuring a stable supply of aromatics in China, the development of coal-to- aromatics technology has emerged as a prominent solution. However, a comprehensive under- standing of the current research status in this field is imperative. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the reaction pathways and technical progress pertaining to three technical routes for coal-derived aromatics production: coal-based synthesis gas to aromatics, coal-based oil to aro- matics and coal-based carbon dioxide to aromatics. Furthermore, the characteristics and existing challenges associated with each process are analyzed. The economic viability of coal-based synthe- sis gas to aromatics and coal-based carbon dioxide to aromatics is inferior to that of petroleum to aromatics, primarily attributed to catalytic performance issues, underscoring the importance of advancing catalyst technologies to optimize performance and stability; for the technology of prod- ucting aromatics from coal-based oil faces challenges such as low yield of coked aromatics, lead- ing to inadequate production capacity and supply. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the yield of coked aromatics; direct coal liquefaction for aromatics production necessitates atten- tion to equipment localization issues; efficient denitrification processes are essential in utilizing coal for aromatics production to resolve the high nitrogen content in feedstock. Tackling the problem of single downstream products and enhancing the overall economic efficiency of products can be achieved by the fractional conversion and utilization of coal tar at medium and low temper- atures. Based on the aforementioned considerations, the concept of integrated coal pyrolysis-gasi- fication-combustion for aromatics production is introduced, providing reference for solving the problem of stable supply of aromatic in China.