China Coal Research Institute Corporation Ltd.
National Energy Technology &Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control
Beijing Key Laboratory ofCoal Based Carbon Materials
CCTEG Low⁃carbon Technology Institute

甲醇作为重要的基础化学品,其具有可作为原料及燃料使用的广泛用途,而基于传统化工制甲醇过程伴随着较高的碳排放量,因而发展绿色甲醇成为行业内的焦点和趋势。概述甲醇的产业发展现状并分析国内外的产业政策,研究不同路径的甲醇生产工艺特点,对煤制甲醇、天然气制甲醇、焦炉煤气制甲醇、煤层气制甲醇及绿色甲醇等对比分析,重点针对全球170个生产和规划的可再生甲醇项目进行深入分析,讨论不同国家的项目数量、规模及分布特征等,并基于对国内外产业政策分析的基础上,针对不同甲醇生产路径的碳排放、经济性及考虑未来纳入碳交易基础上的经济趋势进行情景分析,最后针对目前产业发展存在的问题,为促进我国绿色甲醇产业的健康发展提出建议。国际上欧盟率先发布全球首个绿色甲醇认证标准,各国的近零排放目标也提出发展绿色甲醇等替代燃料,国内对于绿色甲醇行业则通过政策引导等手段并发布一系列环保政策和支持清洁能源发展的措施,为绿色甲醇燃料行业提供政策支持和市场机遇;煤制甲醇产生碳排放2.6~3.8tCO2/t甲醇,天然气生产甲醇的碳排放为0.5tCO2/t甲醇;绿色甲醇由于原料来源不同分为生物质甲醇和绿氢制甲醇,目前最简单、最成熟的方法是利用可再生电力电解水制氢,再通过CO2和绿氢通过一步催化过程获得绿色甲醇。应加强绿色甲醇生产技术的研发投入,特别在绿电制甲醇和生物质甲醇方面提升工艺效率及降低成本;加强与国际组织和其他国家的合作,共享绿色甲醇的最新研究成果和技术经验;开展重大项目试点,评估不同技术路径可行性和经济效益,为规模化生产提供基础;制定有利于绿色甲醇发展的政策及相关产品标准;促进上下游产业链的紧密合作,推动绿色甲醇与其他行业的融合发展;鼓励绿色甲醇作为清洁燃料和化工原料在交通、化工、能源等多领域应用,通过政策引导以拓宽其市场空间;构建完整的绿色甲醇产业链,共同推动绿色甲醇产业的可持续发展;建立和完善绿色甲醇的认证标准体系,对标欧盟及国际海事组织(IMO)等绿色甲醇相关准则和规范;建立和完善碳交易市场、碳配额管理制度以及温室气体自愿减排方法学,鼓励企业减少碳排放并通过绿色甲醇生产等方式实现减排目标。

Methanol, a fundamental chemical commodity, finds extensive applications both as a raw material and a fu⁃el, and traditional methanol production processes are associated with significant carbon dioxide emissions, prompting ashift towards the development of green methanol as a key trend within the industry. This paper outlines the current stateof the methanol industry and analyzes pertinent policies both domestically and internationally. It examines the character⁃istics of various methanol production methods and compares coal⁃based methanol, natural gas⁃derived methanol, cokeoven gas methanol, coal bed methane methanol, and green methanol. The study focuses on an in⁃depth analysis of 170global renewable methanol projects under production or planning, discussing the number of projects, their scales, anddistribution characteristics across different countries. Based on this analysis of domestic and international industrial poli⁃cies, a scenario analysis is conducted regarding the carbon emissions, economic viability, and future trends under acarbon trading framework for different methanol production pathways. Considering the existing challenges in the indus⁃try, recommendations are provided to foster the healthy development of China’ s green methanol sector. These includeincreasing R & D investment in green methanol production technologies, particularly those utilizing green electricity andbiomass, to enhance process efficiency and reduce costs. Internationally, the European Union has pioneered the re⁃lease of the world’ s first green methanol certification standard, while countries worldwide are setting near⁃zero emis⁃sion targets that include the promotion of alternative fuels such as green methanol. Domestically, the green methanolsector is guided by a suite of environmental policies and clean energy development measures, providing both policy sup⁃port and market opportunities for the green methanol fuel industry. Coal⁃derived methanol results in carbon emissions of2. 6 to 3. 8 tons of CO per ton of methanol, whereas natural gas⁃derived methanol emits approximately 0. 5 tons of COper ton of methanol. Green methanol, derived from either biomass or green hydrogen, utilizes the most straightforwardand mature method of producing hydrogen via electrolysis powered by renewable electricity, followed by a one⁃step cata⁃lytic process combining CO and green hydrogen to produce green methanol. It also emphasizes strengthening interna⁃tional cooperation to share cutting⁃edge research findings and technological experiences related to green methanol. Pilotprojects should be initiated to evaluate the feasibility and economic benefits of diverse technological routes, laying thegroundwork for scaled⁃up production. Policies and relevant product standards that facilitate the growth of green methanolshould be formulated. Efforts should also be made to promote close collaboration along the entire industrial supplychain, encouraging the integration of green methanol with other sectors. The application of green methanol as a cleanfuel and chemical feedstock across multiple domains, including transportation, chemical manufacturing, and energy,should be encouraged through policy guidance to expand its market potential. A comprehensive green methanol industri⁃al chain should be established to promote sustainable development. Lastly, a robust certification standard system forgreen methanol should be developed, aligning with guidelines and norms set by the European Union and the Interna⁃tional Maritime Organization (IMO). Additionally, a well⁃functioning carbon trading market, carbon quota manage⁃ment system, and voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction methodologies should be established to incentivize com⁃panies to reduce their carbon footprints through green methanol production and other means.

天地科技股份科技创新创业专项基金资助项目(2023-2-TD-R003)

付楚芮,李景乐.我国绿色甲醇产业现状与发展展望[J].煤质技术,2024,39(5):27-36.

FU Churui, LI Jingle. Green methanol industry status and development outlook [ J]. Coal Quality Technology,2024, 39 (5): 27-36.