China Coal Research Institute
China Coal Research Institute Corporation Ltd.
National Energy Technology & Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control
Beijing Key Laboratory of Coal Based Carbon Materials

氯是煤中的有害微量元素之一,随着新疆高氯煤的逐步开发利用,煤中氯引起的热设备受热面沾污结渣腐蚀、环境污染以及危害人体健康等问题备受关注,因而了解煤中氯的赋存状态和释放特性是实现高氯煤高效清洁利用的前提。综述煤中氯的来源和分布、赋存状态,剖析气氛、温度、煤质特征等外在因素对煤热解过程中氯释放特性的影响,并针对氯赋存状态和释放特性的未来研究提出建议。结果表明:煤中氯来源与地下水关系密切,我国绝大部分地区煤矿属于低氯煤或特低氯煤;煤中氯存在无机氯、有机氯2种赋存状态,其中无机形态的氯主要包括无机氯离子、水和离子、含氯卤化物矿物、其他含氯杂质矿物,有机氯形态的氯主要有离子交换态、共价键结合态、其他有机氯化物、有机离子配合物。煤中氯的释放特性受气氛、温度、煤质特征、升温速率、压力等因素影响,不同气氛对煤中氯释放的促进和抑制作用存在差异;有机氯和部分无机氯主要在中低温区间释放,无机氯盐主要在高温区间释放,煤中氯的释放形式主要包括HCl、Cl2、NaCl等,且不同形态的氯之间可以相互转化。建议未来应注重研究针对煤中氯的新表征方法,充分考虑煤中其他组分和外在因素对氯释放特性的影响,深入研究煤中氯释放的内在机理。

Chlorine is one of the harmful trace elements in coal. With the development and utilization of high⁃chlo⁃rine coal in Xinjiang, many problems such as fouling and slagging corrosion of heating surface, environmental pollu⁃tion and harm to human health caused by chlorine in coal have attracted much attention. Therefore, understandingthe occurrence state and release characteristics of chlorine in coal is the premise of realizing efficient and clean utiliza⁃tion of high⁃chlorine coal. The source, distribution and occurrence state of chlorine in coal are summarized, and theinfluence of external factors such as atmosphere, temperature and coal quality characteristics on chlorine release char⁃acteristics in coal thermal process was analyzed. The suggestions for future research on the occurrence and releasecharacteristics of chlorine were provided. The results indicate that the source of chlorine in coal is closely related togroundwater, and the vast majority of coal mines in China belongs to low chlorine coal or ultra⁃low chlorine coal;Chlorine in coal exists in two existing states: inorganic chlorine and organic chlorine, the inorganic chlorine mainlyincludes inorganic chlorine ions, water and ions, chloride⁃containing halide minerals and other chloride⁃containingimpurity minerals. The organic chlorine mainly includes ion exchange state, covalent bond state, other organic chlo⁃rides and organic ion complexes. The chlorine release characteristics of coal are affected by atmosphere, tempera⁃ture, coal quality characteristics, heating rate, pressure and other factors. Different atmospheres have different pro⁃motion and inhibition effects on chlorine release from coal. Organic chlorine and some inorganic chlorine are mainlyreleased in the middle and low temperature range, inorganic chlorine salts are mainly released in the high temperaturerange, chlorine release forms in coal mainly include HCl, Cl, NaCl, etc., and chlorine in different forms can betransformed into each other. It is suggested that new characterization methods for chlorine in coal should be studied inthe future, the influence of other components and external factors on chlorine release characteristics should be fullyconsidered, and the internal mechanism of chlorine release in coal should be studied in depth.

鄂尔多斯市国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设科技支撑项目(KCX2024014);天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项项目(2022-2-TD-ZD003、2023-2-TD-ZD022);煤科院基金资助项目(2024ZD1-01、MKYZX-001)

李旭,彭万旺.煤中氯赋存状态和释放特性研究进展[J].煤质技术,2024,39(6):34-43.

LI Xu, PENG Wanwang. Progress in the study of chlorine occurrence and release characteristics in coal [J]. CoalQuality Technology, 2024, 39 (6): 34-43.