煤矿开采伴随着矸石等固废排放和采场矿压与地表沉陷控制问题，推进煤矿绿色开发将是从源头上保护矿区生态环境的重要手段，统筹考虑煤炭采掘、原煤加工和固废排放的关系对于建设绿色矿山尤为重要，而煤矿井下采-选-充协同将是从根本上解决上述问题的技术途径。基于此，在充分考虑采煤、分选和充填基础上，以井下分选为核心，围绕充填开采方法构建了煤矿矸石井下分选协同原位充填开采模式，阐述了煤矿井下采、选、充系统的时空协同关系，揭示了“就近分选+原位充填”的科学内涵，实现了充填能力与分选能力匹配、采充系统与分选系统布置、采充工艺与分选工艺组织和矸石物流运输与调控4个方面的协同;提出了实现不同目标层次的煤矿矸石井下分选协同原位充填开采技术体系，主要包括全粒级分选、煤矸分离和毛煤排矸3个不同等级的井下煤矸分选技术和实现采场矿压与地表沉陷控制、矸石处理和资源回收不同目标的井下原位充填技术2个方面;分析评价了新型跳汰分选、旋流器分选、重介浅槽分选、动筛跳汰分选和γ射线分选5种井下煤矸分选方法的适用性，给出了煤矿矸石井下分选方法选择流程，确定了煤矿矸石井下分选系统及巷硐布置要求，探讨了煤矿井下全粒级分选的发展方向;提出了全采全充、全采局充、局采局充和局采全充4种典型充填开采方法，明确了4种典型充填开采方法的定义、系统布置及技术优势，形成了充填开采方法选择流程，进一步对比分析了4种典型充填开采方法的地表沉陷与采场矿压控制效果。研究成果为实现煤矿煤炭开采、井下分选和矸石处理集约化提供技术借鉴，进一步丰富我国煤矿绿色开采的技术体系。

Coal mining is accompanied by the discharge of solid waste such as coal gangue and the control of mining pressure and surface subsidence. Promoting the green development of coal mines will be an important mean of protec- ting the ecological environment of the mining area from the source. The overall consideration of the relationship among coal mining, raw coal processing, and solid waste discharge is particularly important for the construction of green mines,and the collaboration of mining-dressing-backfilling will be a technical approach to fundamentally solve the above problems. Based on a full consideration of coal mining,coal-waste separation and backfill,and taking under- ground separation as the core,a mode of coal waste separation and coordinated in-situ backfill and mining has been constructed,the space-time synergy of the “mining,dressing,backfilling” system in the coal mine has been described, and the scientific connotation of “close sorting+in-situ backfilling” has been revealed. The coordination of backfilling capacity and sorting capacity,the arrangement of mining and backfilling system and sorting system,the organization of mining and backfilling process and sorting process,and the transportation and control of gangue have been realized. A coal mine gangue underground sorting collaborative in-situ backfilling and mining system to achieve different target levels has been proposed,which mainly includes three different levels of underground coal gangue separation technolo- gy,i. e. full particle separation,coal gangue separation and raw coal gangue discharge,and two aspects of underground in-situ backfilling technology to achieve different objectives of mine pressure and surface subsidence control,gangue treatment and resource recovery. The applicability of five underground coal gangue sorting methods,including new jig sorting,cyclone sorting,heavy medium shallow slot sorting,moving sieve jig sorting and γ-ray sorting,has been ana- lyzed and evaluated,and the selection process of coal mine gangue underground sorting methods has been given. The coal mine gangue underground sorting system and roadway layout requirements have been determined and the develop- ment direction of full-grain sorting in underground coal mines has been proposed,and four typical models in backfill of gob,including complete mining and complete backfill of gob ( CMCB),complete mining and partial backfill of gob (CMPB),partial mining and partial backfill of gob (PMPB),and partial mining and complete backfill of gob ( PM- CB) have been proposed,the definition,system layout and technical advantages of the four typical models in backfill of gob are defined,and the selection process of the backfill mining methods has been formed. Also,the surface subsidence and mining pressure control effects of the four typical models have been further compared and analyzed. The research results provide a technical reference for the realization of coal mining,underground separation and gangue treatment in- tensification,and further enrich the technical system of green coal mining in China.

1 煤矿矸石井下分选协同原位充填开采模式

2 煤矿矸石井下分选协同原位充填开采技术体系

3 井下煤矸分选方法

3.1 井下典型分选技术

3.2 分选方法确定的流程

3.3 分选系统及巷硐布置要求

4 井下原位充填开采方法

4.1 充填开采方法

4.2 充填开采方法选择流程

4.3 地表沉陷与采场矿压控制效果

5 结论