针对乌鲁木齐矿区急倾斜煤层采空区顶板冲击失稳诱发动力灾害问题，根据乌东煤矿地质条件进行灾害成因分析，建立急倾斜煤层覆岩结构力学模型，结合顶板岩梁能量分布特征，明确致灾源头，提出防控措施;鉴于此，设计覆岩联动致灾物理相似模拟试验，采用红外热像与岩石破裂声发射(Acoustic Emission，AE)综合监测手段分析覆岩联动致灾阶段性“声-热”演化规律，结合3DEC离散元数值计算，确定灾源时空信息，指导动力灾害防控。研究结果表明:急倾斜煤层开采顶板岩梁与覆岩应力拱形成的“拱-梁”结构具有空间结构关联特征，该结构在高阶段水平分段短壁综放开采条件下失稳诱发动力灾害，将顶板岩梁按能量等级划分为本水平梁端起裂区、中部离层演生区和上水平拱脚高能区3个区域，其中上水平拱脚高能区为重点致灾区域;同时，在急倾斜煤层开采过程中覆岩结构动态破裂具有阶段性“声-热”演化规律，结合三区内热值异化程度与AE能率演化特征，将顶板破断周期划分为低水平发展、震前平静、加速活跃和松弛阶段，其中加速活跃阶段为灾害孕育期;基于研究结果制定了采空区顶板预裂爆破切顶解危措施，经全景智能钻孔窥视监测，致裂效果明显，灾害得到有效控制，为急倾斜煤层开采动力灾害防控提供借鉴。

Aiming at the problem of dynamic hazard caused by roof impact instability in goaf of steeply inclined coal seam in Urumqi mining area,according to the geological conditions of Wudong Coal Mine,the cause of the hazard was analyzed,and a mechanical model of overburden structure in steeply inclined coal seam is established. Combined with the characteristics of roof energy distribution,the source of hazard is clarified,and prevention and control measures are put forward. Meanwhile,the physical similarity simulation test of hazard caused by over-burden structure is designed, the temperature and acoustic emission (AE) parameters were recorded with the infrared thermal instruments and AE sensors,and the discrete element numerical calculation is used to obtain the spatiotemporal information of the hazard source to guide the prevention and control of dynamic hazard. The results show that the “arch-beam” structure formed by roof rock beam and overburden stress arch in steeply inclined coal seam has the characteristics of spatial structure correlation,and the instability of this structure induces dynamic hazard under the condition of high stage horizontal sectional short wall fully mechanized top coal caving mining. Also,the energy distribution of the roof rock beam can be divided into three zones: shoulder angle initiation zone, separated evolution zone and high energy compression zone,among which the high energy compression zone is the key hazard causing area. Furthermore,the dynamic fracture of overburden structure has the characteristics of periodic temperature and AE parameters,combined with the evolu- tion characteristics of average infrared radiation temperature and AE energy rate in the three zones,the roof failure pe- riod can be divided into low level development,pre-earthquake calm,accelerated active and relaxation stages,in which the accelerated active stage is the hazard preparation stage. Based on the research results,the pre-cracking measures of goaf roof are formulated,the effect of borehole television is obvious,and the hazard is effectively controlled,which pro- vides a reference for the prevention and control of dynamic hazard in steeply inclined coal seam mining.

1 急倾斜煤层赋存及开采条件

2 覆岩联动致灾力学分析

3 覆岩联动致灾试验分析

3.1 物理相似模拟试验分析

3.2 数值计算

4 现场动力灾害防控实践

4.1 防控措施

4.2 防控效果评价

5 结论