为全面了解煤矿充填开采可行性，国家煤监局组织对我国充填开采技术应用现状进行系统调研，获取了我国不同区域、不同井型煤矿各种方法充填开采的详细资料。充填矿井生产实践表明:实施充填开采，消除了矸石山对生态环境的污染，有效遏制了地表沉陷，保护地表和地下水资源，避免了地面基础设施和建筑物损毁和村庄搬迁，减少了井下采空区涌水、降低采空区瓦斯积聚、浮煤自燃等事故发生可能性，取得良好的生态和社会效益。调研发现，我国仍有很多矿井面临生态环境破坏问题，有的可以通过充填开采予以解决，但真正选择通过充填开采解决实际问题和坚持长期充填开采的煤矿占比很小，通过深度调研了解了充填开采实施过程中存在的问题，分析了充填开采初期建设投资大、周期长、充填成本高、充填物料短缺、充填能力没有很好的发挥和缺乏政策激励等制约我国充填开采发展的主要因素。利用调研结果，探讨了区域经济、地质、生态、资源禀赋、产业特点、产业政策对充填开采的需求程度，以及不同地区、不同井型矿山对充填开采方式的优先选择原则，并对充填材料来源和充填重点区域进行了分析，研究了我国充填开采技术与装备的发展前景，提出了利用精准充填建设全过程生态矿山和井下“采选充留”技术路线。

In order to fully understand the feasibility of backfilling mining in coal mines,the State Administration of Coal Supervision organized a systematic investigation on the present situation of backfilling mining technology in Chi- na,and obtained detailed data of various backfilling mining methods in different areas and different shaft types of coal mines in China. The production practice of backfilling mine shows that the backfilling mining can eliminate the pollu- tion of waste rock dump to ecological environment,effectively restrain the surface subsidence,protect the surface and groundwater resources,avoid the damage of ground infrastructure and buildings and the relocation of villages. It re- duces the possibility of underground goaf water,gas accumulation and spontaneous combustion of floating coal,and ob- tains some ecological and social benefits. It is found that many mines in China are still facing the problem of ecological environment destruction,some of which can be solved by backfilling mining,but the proportion of coal mines that really choose to solve their practical problems by backfilling mining and persist in long-term backfilling mining is very small. Through in-depth investigation,the problems existing in the process of backfilling mining are understood,and the large construction investment in the initial stage of backfilling mining is analyzed. The main factors that restrict the development of backfilling mining in China are long period development,high cost,shortage of backfill materials,poor backfill capacity and lack of policy incentive. Based on the survey results,this paper discusses the demand degree of regional economy,ecology,resource endowment,industrial characteristics and industrial policy for backfilling mining. Also,the principle of preferential selection of backfilling mining method in different areas and mines with different shaft types, the source of backfilling materials and key areas of backfilling are analyzed. The development prospect of backfilling mining technology and equipment in China is studied,and the technology route of backfilling and retaining is put for- ward by using precise backfill to construct ecological mine and underground mining.

1 我国煤矿充填开采技术应用现状

1.1 我国充填开采技术

1.2 煤矿充填开采在我国的应用情况

1.3 我国充填矿井的井型特征

1.4 我国充填矿井的区域特征

2 我国煤矿充填开采推广应用的制约因素

2.1 充填开采投资大、建设周期长

2.2 充填开采使原煤生产成本加大

2.3 充填物料短缺不足以成为主采工作面

2.4 对主动生态环境保护的认识还有待提高

2.5 充填开采技术推广宣传不够深入

2.6 充填开采激励政策和约束机制力度不够

3 我国充填开采技术的发展

3.1 基于充填开采煤矿生产全过程生态矿山建设

3.2 精准高效密实充填技术工艺体系构建

3.3 “采选充留”一体化精准充填开采技术形成

3.4 新型充填材料研发

3.5 重点发展区域的充填开采

4 结语