煤炭作为一种重要的能源和资源，其主要利用方式仍限于近百年前甚至千年前所形成的技术基础：燃烧、气化、焦化和液化。借助石油先分离馏分再分别加工利用的思路，在发明萃取反萃取法分离煤族组分的基础上，提出“事前分离与精准利用”的煤炭分级加工利用新思路，即先将煤全组分在常压室温下分离成重质组、密中质组、疏中质组和轻质组四大族组分，再针对各族组分自身的组成结构特点及其所展现的特殊性质，施以针对性的精准加工利用，使其使用价值获得最有效发挥，提高煤炭的综合利用效益。根据这一思路，本文在前期构建的煤嵌布结构模型理论及炼焦煤结焦新机理的基础上，进一步总结了课题组近年来在族组分分级利用方面所展开的实验研究及进展，探究了各族组分在资源化利用方面的可能途径，讨论了具体的加工利用方法及其产品性能，具体包括由疏中质组制备泡沫炭及多孔电极材料、密中质组制备中间相半焦、密中质组制备膜分离材料的理论分析、实验验证和工艺条件研究等，以及通过这些族组分建立新的炼焦配煤方法的理论依据和实验结果。结果表明:萃取反萃取法第1次实现了煤炭有机质在使用前的聚类分离;分离出的族组分彼此性质差别巨大，甚至是煤炭产生某方面特性的源质组分，如密中质组是炼焦煤产生流动性及生成中间相的源质组分，疏中质组是炼焦煤产生膨胀性的源质组分等;对这些源质分别进行的加工和转化，初步实现了各族组分“各尽其才”的资源化精准利用目标;所获得的初期产品性能良好，加工工艺简单，过程稳定可靠;提出的“事前分离与精准利用”设想完全可行。

The current utilization of coal,an important energy source,is still limited to combustion,gasification,coking, and liquefaction,which are technologies used hundreds or even thousands of years ago. Considering the technology used in petroleum industry,i. e. ,oil fractional separation followed by fraction upgrading,the authors proposed a new approach for coal utilization:prior separation followed by precise usage of the separated fractions. By using a home- made extraction and back-extraction method,the coal was separated into four fractions:heavy component (HC),dense medium component (DMC),loose medium component (LMC),and light component (LC). The as-acquired four frac- tions were characterized in detail to identify the most suitable strategies for their usage and thereby to achieve the effective utilization of the coal resource. As guided by this new concept,based on the theory of coal embedded structure model and the new coking mechanism of coking-coal,the paper summarized the recent results of our research group on coal fractional utilization. The potential use of the above-mentioned fractions was discussed,including but not limited to foam carbon and porous electrode prepared by LMC,mesophase semi-coke prepared by DMC,separation membrane prepared by DMC,and new method of coal blending for coking. A truly ordered separation of coal organic matter was a- chieved for the first time. The separated group components showed significantly different properties and were identified to be the source materials responsible for coal nature,e. g. ,the DMC was the source material of mesophase and re- sponsible for the fluidity nature of coal,the LMC was responsible for the coal swelling nature. The individual conver- sion of these source materials realized the high-efficient utilization of the coal energy. The obtained products exhibited outstanding performance and the conversion method is simple and robust. The proposal of “prior separation followed by precise usage” is feasible and promising.