准东煤灰分含量低、着火温度低、燃尽性能优良，是优良的动力用煤，但准东煤灰中碱/碱土金属含量高，在燃烧过程中易挥发进入气相并冷凝在受热面上从而强化锅炉的沾污、结渣过程，要实现安全、高效、洁净燃用准东煤，需对准东煤燃烧过程中矿物尤其是碱/碱土金属转化特性和灰熔融特性进行研究。对准东煤中碱/碱土金属(AAEM)赋存形态及燃用过程中AAEM的迁移转化、煤灰熔融特性、准东煤结渣、沾污机理等研究进展进行了介绍，总结了锅炉结渣、沾污关键影响因素及目前常用的防控方法。由于实验样品和条件的差异，AAEM在煤燃烧过程中的释放、转化特性及其对灰熔融特性的影响尚未有一致结论;对于AAEM释放多采用热力学平衡计算，相应的动力学模型缺乏深入研究;由于燃烧试验台实验工况与实际锅炉烟气组分、热参数等存在一定差异，燃烧试验台获得的结渣、积灰特性能否反映真实锅炉情况有待验证;实际锅炉沉积样品分析面临锅炉工况调整困难、可重复性差等问题，需对锅炉实际结渣污特性进行深入研究;锅炉设计、掺烧、参数调整等方法仅能减轻准东煤结渣、沾污等问题，为实现准东煤的安全、高效、洁净利用，仍需更加深入的研究煤灰结渣、沾污机理。应加强灰化温度、气氛等对煤热转化中AAEM的释放和转化特性影响的系统研究,进一步开展AAEM在煤热转化过程中的释放、矿物转化动力学模型研究，同时，需针对温度、气氛、煤灰组分等对准东煤结渣、沾污的影响规律开展更加细致地研究，为结渣、沾污防控提供支持。

Zhundong coal is characterized by low ash content,low ignition temperature and excellent burnout perform- ance which make it a great power coal. However,sever slagging and fouling problems occur due to the high alkali / al- kaline earth metal content in Zhundong coal ash. The volatile AAEM may release and condense on the heating surfaces during combustion so as to promote slagging and fouling progress. In order to achieve safe,efficient and clean utiliza- tion of Zhundong coal,it is necessary to study the transformation characteristics of minerals (especially alkali / alkaline earth metal,AAEM) as well as melting characteristics of coal ash during the combustion of Zhundong coal. In this pa- per,the occurrence form and the migration of AAEM during the thermal conversion process of Zhundong coal were in- troduced. The melting characteristics of coal ash and the mechanism of slagging and fouling were also introduced. The key influencing factors of boiler slagging and pollution,and the commonly applied prevention and control methods were summarized. Due to the differences in experimental samples and conditions,there is no consensus on the release and transformation characteristics of AAEM during coal combustion and its effect on ash melting characteristics. Thermody- namic equilibrium calculations were often applied for the investigation of release of AAEM,but the corresponding dy- namic model lacks in-depth research. Whether the slagging and ash deposition characteristics obtained by the bench /pilot scale apparatus can reflect that in real boiler remains to be verified. The ash deposits collected from real boiler may have different morphologies due to the different operation conditions. Boiler design,co-firing,combustion adjust- ment can only reduce the slagging and deposition. For the safe,efficient and clean utilization of Zhundong coal,an in- depth study of the actual slagging and ash deposition mechanisms is required. A systematic study should be conducted on the effects of ashing temperature and atmosphere on the release and transformation characteristics of AAEM during coal thermal conversion. The release and mineral conversion kinetics model of AAEM in coal thermal conversion process should be established. The effects of temperature,atmosphere,coal composition,etc. on the slagging and fouling mechanism should be investigated to provide a basis for slagging and fouling prevention and control.