为提供新疆煤炭资源保护性开发与开采的研究对策，促进新疆煤炭资源开发与环境相适应，总结分析了我国煤炭能源基地建设规划和新疆煤炭资源赋存特征、自然生态环境条件和现有开采方法特点。分析表明，新疆地理环境特殊，与中东部地区存在较大的差异，影响采矿后环境变化的地质条件与特征不明；煤炭开采引起覆岩活动与地质灾害规律不清；煤炭开发与环境的相容性以及可采性不确定。研究新疆煤炭资源开发开采的环境效应，需要重点考虑煤炭资源开发与自然生态环境的相容性、采矿方式影响生态要素及系统的可逆性、考虑资源环境价值的煤炭资源的可采性这3类关键问题。因此，针对新疆煤炭资源与生态环境协调开发的研究不充分及区域环境容量已对煤炭资源开发规模与布局形成倒逼机制的形势，提出了新疆煤炭资源宏观开发策略与微观开采技术相结合的策略，重点需要加强新疆煤田资源赋存特征、水文循环与水资源转换特征、生态环境脆弱特征研究，划分出煤炭资源-水资源-自然生态环境组合类型；煤炭开采引起覆岩活动与地质灾害规律、生态环境损伤机理及综合考虑资源环境价值与技术经济条件的新疆煤炭资源可采性研究的建议。这些研究成果对于优化煤炭产业布局、制定合理的煤炭开发规划、选择合适的开采方式、因地制宜划定生态红线，同时对加大矿区生态环境保护力度，研究推广矿山绿色开采技术，促进新疆煤炭产业可持续发展将具有重要的现实意义。

In order to provide the countermeasures for protective development and mining of coal resources，and promote the development of coal resources in Xinjiang to adapt to the environment，this paper summarizes and analyzes the construction planning of China’s coal energy base，the occurrence characteristics of coal resources，the natural ecological environment conditions and the characteristics of existing mining methods in Xinjiang.The analysis shows that Xinjiang has a special geographical environment，which is quite different from the central and eastern China.The geological conditions and characteristics that affect the environmental changes after mining are unknown.The laws of overburden activities and geological disasters caused by coal mining are not clear.The compatibility and mining feasibility of coal development and environment are uncertain.Therefore，in order to study the environmental effects of coal resources exploitation in Xinjiang，we need to focus on three key issues：the compatibility of coal resources exploitation and natural ecological environment，the reversibility of mining methods affecting ecological elements and systems，and the exploitability of coal resources considering the environmental value of resources.In view of the insufficient research on the coordinated development of coal resources and ecological environment in Xinjiang and the situation that the regional environmental capacity has formed a backwardness mechanism on the scale and layout of coal resources development，this paper puts forward the strategy of combining the macro development strategy and micro mining technology of coal resources in Xinjiang，with the emphasis on strengthening the characteristics of coal resources occurrence，hydrological cycle and water resources transformation，and fragile characteristics of ecological environment in Xinjiang，the combination types of coal resources，water resources and natural ecological environment are divided； the suggestions for the study of laws of overburden activities and geological disasters caused by coal mining，the damage mechanism of ecological environment and the coal resource minability in Xinjiang considering the value of resources and environment and the technical and economic conditions are put forward.These research results will have important practical significance for optimizing the layout of coal industry，making a reasonable coal development plan，selecting a suitable mining method，and delimiting the ecological red line according to local conditions.At the same time，they should increase the ecological environment protection of mining areas，research and promote the green mining technology of mines，and promote the sustainable development of coal industry in Xinjiang.