随着我国煤炭开采深度的不断增加，坚硬顶板开采条件引发的强矿压动力灾害日益加剧，严重威胁矿井的安全生产。针对神东矿区坚硬顶板发育典型灾害发生区域，综合采用物理模拟、数值分析，工程应用等方法，研究了坚硬顶板综放开采条件下覆岩破断特征，提出了低位关键层“悬臂梁”回转破断促使动静叠加载荷过灾害阈值引发的矿压动力灾害发生的机理，揭示了顶板弱化治理强矿压动力灾害的有效性。据此研发了坚硬顶板分段水力压裂超前弱化治理技术，开发了基于孔内瞬变电磁的定向长钻孔(>400 m)的压裂影响范围的探测技术，并在神东布尔台煤矿典型的工作面开展了工程应用。单个钻场布置钻孔3个，钻孔长度330~600 m，钻孔孔径为96 mm，实现了单孔超过600 m分12段以上压裂的310 m工作面的全区域有效弱化，累计注水量达2 957.25 m3。应用结果表明，顶板分段水力压裂最高压力30.5 MPa，破裂压降最大达12.90 MPa，3.0 MPa以上压力降365次，形成了有效的压裂裂缝;探测压裂影响低阻异常区11个，判识压裂影响范围达35 m;与压裂前相比，压裂后工作面顶板来压步距、动载系数、支架峰值阻力分别降低18.90%～70.60%，5.79%～7.90%，13.65%～19.40%。工程实践表明坚硬顶板超前分段水力压裂，有效减弱了矿压显现强度，实现了坚硬顶板动力灾害的弱化解危。

With the increasing of coal mining depth,the strong pressure dynamic disaster by hard roof intensify day by day,which seriously threatens the safety of mine production. Based on typical coal mine with the hard roof disaster of Shendong mining area,the verburden rock fracture under fully mechanized caving mining with hard roof are studied and the principle of dynamic hazards caused by dynamic overloading of static and dynamic loads due to “ cantilever beam” rotating collapse of low key layer is presented,the effectiveness of roof weakening to control the dynamic disas- ter of strong ore pressure is revealed,which are comprehensive using physical simulation,numerical analysis,technolo- gy development,the engineering application methods. Based on this,the control methods for preventing rock burst of multi-point drag hydraulic fracturing of rigid roof was proposed,the detection technology of fracturing influence range of directional long borehole ( >400 m) based on transient electromagnetic in borehole was developed,and its engineering application is carried out in typical mines. Three drilling holes are arranged in a single drilling field,the length of drilling holes is 330 -600 m,and the diameter of drilling holes is 96 mm. This fracturing has realized the effective weakening of the whole region in the 310 m working surface with a single hole over 600 m and 12 fracturing sections, and the cumulative water injection volume has reached 2 957. 25 m3 . The results show that the maximum hydraulic fracturing pressure is 30. 5 MPa,the maximum fracture pressure drop is 12. 90 MPa,and the pressure drop above 3． 0 MPa is more than 365 times by implementing the roof section hydraulic fracturing weakening technology accord- ing to the selected of fracturing target layer by determination formula. Eleven low-resistivity abnormal zones affected by fracturing were detected,and the impact range of fracturing was judged to be 35 m. The roof pressure step,dynamic factor,maximum pressure are respectively reduced by 18. 90% -70. 60% ,5. 79% -7. 90% ,13. 65% -19. 40% which are compared with the un-fractured sections,the deformation along the groove is effectively controlled. The dynamic disaster of hard roof is weakened and solved,the equipment and technical are providing for large area advance weake- ning in working face or panel.