微生物复垦技术是矿区环境治理的重要手段之一，对改善矿区的生态环境具有举足轻重的意义，而矿区微生物修复是一个生态持续演变过程，科学评价微生物复垦多年后采煤塌陷区的土壤质量和生态效应是目前亟待解决问题。为了探明接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）复垦多年后对采煤沉陷区土壤改良的生态效应，科学评价微生物复垦技术在矿区环境修复中的重要作用，以陕西神东采煤沉陷地2012年种植的紫穗槐复垦地为研究区，分析了接菌区和对照区2种不同处理下土壤基本理化性质、土壤活性有机碳、高光谱特征及其相互影响关系。研究结果表明：接种AM真菌7 a后土壤质地发生明显变化，土壤中全氮、有效磷和有机碳含量分别显著提高了48.3%，17.7%和31.2%，增加了土壤的含水率；土壤酶活性在不同处理区表现出一定的差异，接菌区土壤脲酶和磷酸酶高于对照区，分别显著提高28.6%和50.0%；土壤光谱反射率明显降低，变化最明显的为可见光655 nm波段，敏感波段为630~680 nm；土壤光谱反射率的降低主要受土壤有机碳的影响；土壤碳组分中微生物生物量碳与有机碳及土壤各相理化指标存在很高的相关性，拟合度R2均高于0.7，显著性检验概率P均远低于0.01，达到显著水平，可作为一项指标用来分析光谱特征。

Microbial reclamation technology is one of the important means of environmental management in mining areas,and it is of great significance for improving the ecological environment of mining areas.Microbial restoration in mining areas is a continuous ecological evolution process.The ecological effect is an urgent problem to be solved.In order to prove the ecological effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on soil improvement in coal mining subsidence areas after many years of reclamation,scientifically evaluate the important role of microbial reclamation technology in the environmental restoration of mining areas,the cultivated area of Amorpha fruticosa was planted at the research area in 2012.The basic physical and chemical properties,soil active organic carbon,hyperspectral characteristics of the soil and the control area under two different treatments were analyzed.The results of the study showed that the soil texture changed significantly after 7 years of inoculation with AM fungi.Total nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic carbon in the soil were significantly increased by 48.3%,17.7% and 31.2%,respectively,increasing the soil moisture content.Different treatment areas showed some differences.Soil urease and phosphatase in the inoculated area were higher than the control area,which were significantly increased by 28.6% and 50.0%,respectively.The spectral reflectance of the soil was significantly reduced.The most obvious change was the visible light 655 nm band,and the sensitive band was 630-680 nm.The decrease of soil spectral reflectance was mainly affected by soil organic carbon.The microbial biomass carbon in the soil carbon component was highly correlated with organic carbon and soil physical and chemical indicators,and the fitting degree R2 was higher than 0.7,the significance test probability P was far below 0.01,reaching a significant level,and could be used as an indicator to analyze the spectral characteristics.After microbial reclamation,the ecological effects have been continuously improved.