煤矿区地面大直径钻孔主要成孔工序，采用理论分析及工程总结的方法，分别对导向孔钻进、扩孔钻进、下套管及固井等成孔关键技术进行论述，并介绍了典型施工案例，总结了配套装备技术现状，重点分析了集束式气动潜孔锤反循环钻进工艺及配套机具，提出了大直径钻孔成孔技术与装备发展趋势。实践表明：空气潜孔锤钻进工艺和下导管钻进工艺能够提高导向孔钻进效率，气举反循环钻进工艺及集束式气动潜孔锤反循环钻进工艺可提高扩孔钻速，提吊浮力法下套管及内插法固井工艺能够满足套管安全下放及固井质量要求；上述成孔关键技术及配套装备可为煤矿区地面大直径钻孔快速成孔提供技术支持。 随着工艺技术的持续改进和配套装备的不断完善，在国家重点研发计划的支持下，集束式气动潜孔锤反循环钻进工艺有望成为煤矿区地面大直径钻孔核心钻进技术，最终发展成为应对矿山应急抢险救援的可靠技术体系。

According to the layout of underground roadways, two design methods are proposed for borehole structure based on the different connection modes between large diameter boreholes and underground roadways in mine area. On this basis, in order to improve hole-forming efficiency, combined with the main hole formation process of large-diameter surface drilling in coal mining areas, the theory and engineering summary analysis methods are used to conduct pilot hole drilling, reaming drilling, casing running, and cementing. The key technologies of drilling wells are discussed, typical construction cases were introduced, the status quo of supporting equipment technology was summarized, and the cluster-type pneumatic down-the-hole hammer reverse circulation drilling technology and supporting equipment were analyzed, and the development trend of large-diameter drilling technology and equipment was proposed. The results show that the down-the-hole hammer drilling technology and guide-pipe drilling technology can improve the drilling efficiency of pilot hole, and the air-lift reverse circulation drilling technology and the cluster-type pneumatic down-the-hole hammer reverse circulation drilling technology can increase reaming rate. Casing running by lifting buoyancy method and cementing by interpolation method can meet the requirements for safe casing and cementing quality, the complete set of key technologies and the matching equipment could provide technical support for the rapid hole forming of large-diameter ground drilling in coal mining areas. With the continuous improvement of the technologies and equipment, and the support from National Key Research and Development Program, the air reverse circulation drilling with cluster down-the-hole hammer is expected to become the key drilling technology for surface large diameter borehole in the mine area, and it will ultimately[LM]become the reliable technical system for emergency rescue in mine. 

0 引言

1 地面大直径钻孔与巷道连通方式

2 地面大直径钻孔成孔关键技术

   2.1 导向孔钻进技术

   2.2 扩孔钻进技术

   2.3 下套管及固井技术

3 地面大直径钻孔施工装备

   3.1 钻井装备

   3.2 钻具

   3.3 随钻测量系统

4 大直径钻孔成孔技术装备发展趋势

5 结语