针对静载型冲击地压的地音监测预警问题，从实验室煤岩体试件全应力-应变曲线与声发射频次关系出发，分析了试件在原生裂缝闭合阶段、线弹性阶段、弹塑性变形阶段及应变软化阶段的声发射响应特征，阐释了煤矿静载型冲击地压地音监测预警原理，介绍了基于地音监测指标能量变化率PE、频次变化率PN的煤矿静载型冲击地压地音监测预警技术，建立了煤矿静载型冲击危险等级地音监测预警模型，探讨了该技术在煤矿现场应用的主要影响因素，设计了地音传感器井下合理的安装方式。以某矿205工作面运输巷掘进期间地音监测预警为例，分别以小时及工作班为基础单位，构建以地音事件频次偏差、能量偏差及持续时长为指标的静载型冲击地压危险等级地音监测预警模型。结果表明：①冲击煤岩体在原生裂缝闭合阶段和线弹性阶段产生少量地音事件，在进入弹塑性变形阶段到极限承载能力间会释放大量的地音事件，这一显著特征是静载型冲击地压的地音监测预警的理论依据；②采用巷道帮部注浆、全长锚固、隔音棉填充等辅助手段可有效降低本底噪声，提高信噪比；③区分生产班与检修班数据、建立施工信息共享机制可加强人工剔除生产干扰；④针对205工作面运输巷掘进施工，地音监测系统提前19 h预警。

Aiming at the problem of acoustic emission monitoring and warning of static loading rock burst,the author analyzes the acoustic emission response characteristics of the samples in the primary fracture closure stage,linear elastic stage,elastic-plastic deformation stage and strain softening stage from the relationship between the full stress-strain curve and acoustic emission frequency of laboratory coal and rock mass samples,and explains the principle of monitoring and warning technology in coal mine static loading rock burst monitoring,introduces the monitoring and warning technology of coal mine static loading rock burst based on energy change rate PE and frequency change rate PN,establishes the monitoring and warning model of coal mine static loading impact risk level,discusses the main influencing factors of the technology in coal mine field application,and designs the reasonable underground installation mode of acoustic sensor. Taking the monitoring and warning of acoustic emission during the excavation of transportation roadway in No.205 working face of a mine as an example,taking hour and work shift as the basic units,this paper constructs a static loading rock burst hazard level monitoring and warning model based on the frequency deviation,energy deviation and theirs duration of acoustic emission events. Main conclusions are as follows:①A small amount of acoustic emission events occur in the primary fracture closure stage and linear elastic stage,and a large number of acoustic emission events will be released from the stage of elastic-plastic deformation to the ultimate bearing capacity,which is the theoretical basis for monitoring and warning of static loading rock burst; ②The roadway side grouting,full-length anchoring,sound insulation cotton filling and other installation methods are adopted to reduce the background noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio,distinguish the data between the production shift and the maintenance shift,and establish the construction information sharing mechanism,which can strengthen the manual elimination of production interference;③For the excavation construction of the transport roadway in No.205 working face of a mine,the acoustic monitoring system gives a warning of 19 hours in advance.

0 引言

1 静载型冲击地压地音预警原理

2 静载型冲击地压地音预警技术

3 地音监测预警影响因素

   3.1 地音传感器安装方式

   3.2 区别对待生产班与检修班的地音数据

   3.3 加强数据甄别

4 静载型冲击地压地音预警应用

   4.1 应用条件

   4.2 地音监测系统安装方案

   4.3 静载型冲击危险地音监测预警模型

   4.4 现场应用

5 结论