冲击地压是煤矿开采过程中最严重的动力灾害之一，对煤矿安全开采造成了极大威胁。统计表明，约90%的冲击地压发生在巷道中，致使巷道损坏、垮冒甚至闭合以及人员伤亡。巷道支护已成为防治冲击地压的最后一道防线。基于冲击地压巷道围岩破坏过程及关键影响因素分析，研究了深部冲击地压巷道减隔震技术手段和实现方法，有效保护了巷道围岩结构的整体稳定性。提出了冲击地压巷道减隔震技术原理：隔震技术是在支护层与原岩之间致裂形成具有显著消波吸能作用的松散煤岩体，吸能机理主要体现在块体松散吸能、旋转吸能、空间散射吸能、反射吸能4个方面；减震技术通过锚杆锚索、O型棚、防冲单元架等支护构件的大延伸及让压位移，经过减震支护构件的强散射和释能作用，保护巷道支护锚固体在瞬间高冲击动载作用下的整体移动性和让压位移特征；隔震+减震的双重组合保护效应，实现了巷道围岩消波降载支护体整体释能抗冲的性能特征，从而维护冲击地压巷道围岩的稳定性。现场实践和微震监测显示：减隔震技术可以有效控制冲击地压巷道变形和破坏，巷道表面监测的微震能量降低了50%，巷道支护效果显著。

Rock burst is one of the most serious dynamic disasters in the process of coal mining,which poses a great threat to the safety of coal mining. Statistics show that 85% of rock burst occurs in the roadway,resulting in damage,collapse and even closure of the roadway and casualties. Roadway support has become the last line of defense to prevent rock burst. Based on the analysis of surrounding rock failure process and key influencing factors of rock burst roadway,the technical and implementation method of shock reduction and isolation in deep mine rock burst roadway are studied,which effectively protect the overall stability of surrounding rock structure of roadway. The principle of support and isolation technology for rock burst roadway is proposed. Isolation technology is to form loose coal and rock mass with significant wave absorbing and energy absorbing effect by cracking between supporting layer and original rock. The energy absorbing mechanism is mainly reflected in four aspects:loose block energy absorbing,rotating block energy absorbing,space scattering energy absorbing and reflection energy absorbing. Reduce technology through the large elongation and yielding displacement of supporting components such as anchor cable,O-shed and anti-scour unit frame,and through the strong scattering and energy release effect of damping supporting components,the overall mobility and yielding displacement characteristics of roadway supporting anchor solid under instantaneous high impact dynamic load are protected. The double combined protection effect of“isolation + reduce”realizes the performance characteristics of the whole energy release and anti-scour of the surrounding rock support for wave dissipation and load reduction,maintain the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway with rock burst. The field practice and microseismic monitoring show that the technology of reducing isolation can effectively control the deformation and failure of the impact ground pressure roadway,the micro earthquake energy of the roadway surface monitoring is reduced by 50%,and the supporting effect of the roadway is remarkable. 

0 引言

1 减隔震技术原理及模型

   1.1 减隔震技术原理

   1.2 减隔震模型

   1.3 减隔震防冲机理

2 冲击地压巷道隔震技术

   2.1 巷道隔震防冲技术

   2.2 巷道隔震层实现技术

3 冲击地压巷道减震技术

   3.1 锚杆(索)防冲减震

   3.2 让压管防冲减震

   3.3 O型棚防冲减震

   3.4 防冲液压支架减震

4 工程实践

   4.1 工程地质

   4.2 减隔震支护方案

   4.3 支护效果

5 结论