对围岩的有效控制是大倾角煤层长壁工作面安全高效开采的关键，以2130煤矿25221大倾角综采工作面为研究背景，采用“理论分析+模拟实验+现场监测”相结合的研究方法，在对工作面矿压显现规律及其成因综合厘定与分析的基础上，通过构建采空区矸石充填模型和顶板走向力学模型，系统研究了采空区矸石的非均匀充填特征及其非均衡约束下工作面倾向不同区域顶板沿走向岩体结构的受载与失稳特征。结果显示，采空区矸石充填特征在工作面走向和倾向均呈现出非均匀性，在工作面倾向中上部区域支架后方采空区底板上易形成倒三角自由面，且其非均匀性随着煤层倾角、采高和工作面长度的增大而增大。在垮落矸石非均衡约束效应影响下，顶板的受载与变形破坏特征不仅在工作面倾向具有明显的非对称特性，倾向不同区域顶板沿走向的受载与变形破坏特征及其所形成围岩结构的基本形态之间亦存在显著差异。沿工作面倾向自下而上，受采空区矸石充填量与密实程度逐渐减小、矸石与支架间距离逐渐增大的影响，采空区充填矸石对工作面围岩稳定的贡献度逐渐减弱，围岩的运移空间、频次和幅度等逐渐增大，围岩结构的稳定性逐渐减弱，支架的受载量及其变化幅度逐渐增大，“支架－围岩”系统的稳定性等逐渐减弱，且易形成较大来压。

The effective control of surrounding rock stability is the key to safe and efficient mining in steeply inclined seam.Based on geological conditions and characteristics of strata behaviors of No.25221 working face in the 2130 coal mine,the laws of mine pressure behavior in working face and its causes are being comprehensively stipulated and researched.Then the non-uniform filling characteristics of goaf and the instability characteristics of roof strike structure at different locations in the inclination direction of working face are investigated.The study results show that the non-uniform characteristic of waste rock filling in goaf exists not only in the inclination direction but also in the advancing direction of working face,and it is easy to form an inverted triangle free face on the floor of the goaf behind the support in the middle and upper part of the working face.And the non-uniform characteristic of waste rock filling in goaf would be increased with the increase of coal seam dip angle,mining height and working face length.Under the influence of non-equilibrium constraints of waste rock,there are sig-nificant differences at the loading,deformation and failure characteristics of the roof at advancing direction as well as inclination direction between the different locations in inclination direction.Besides,because of the non-uniform filling,the migration space,frequency and amplitude of surrounding rock gradually increase,and the contribution of filling gangue to the stability of surrounding rock and the stability of surrounding rock strike structure gradually decrease from bottom to top along the inclined direction of the working face.As a result,the carrying capacity and its variation range of the support increase,and the stability of the “support surrounding rock” system gradually weakens,and it is easy to form a large incoming pressure.

1 工程概况

2 工作面矿压显现倾向分区特征

3 采空区非均匀充填特征

   3.1 矸石非均匀充填模型分析

   3.2 采空区非均匀充填影响因素分析

4 覆岩走向受载与破坏运移特征

   4.1 倾向不同区域覆岩的走向结构特征

   4.2 顶板沿走向变形破坏力学分析

   4.3 算例与分析

5 结论