新时代矿井智能化发展成为趋势，智能掘进条件下超前探测技术需要为掘进工作面安全生产提供保障。快速掘进、复杂地质条件下要求探测精度与预报实时程度高，随掘多源多场信息采集、大数据智能分析与透明化表达是超前探测系统构建的新发展模式。结合近年来隧道、井巷等领域超前探测技术发展现状，讨论其方法、技术、应用等方面的问题及动态;在分析巷道快速智能掘进超前探测技术发展面临的复杂地质问题与基础技术选择局限等关键问题的基础上，提出能够满足巷道快速智能掘进超前探测需求的技术主要为随掘探测技术以及超长钻孔孔中探测技术等。在关键技术创新方面，给出了适用于巷道快速掘进的2种超前探测技术体系，分别是应用于煤巷的掘进机震源随掘地震技术与超长钻孔孔中瞬变电磁联合的技术体系，以及应用于岩巷的TBM震源随掘地震技术与BEAM随掘电法联合的技术体系;并针对每种基础超前探测技术给出了发展思考，其中，随掘地震技术在原始信号脉冲化即重构处理研究的基础上，还需发展全空间三维立体探测、多波多分量方法、全波形反演、极化、散射等高精度探测与精细成像技术;超长钻孔孔中瞬变电磁技术首先需要突破有/无异常情况下孔中瞬变电磁信号数据特征的基础研究，在此基础上重点开展波场转换、全程全空间视电阻率反演等数据处理解释技术以及适用装备的研究;BEAM随掘电法技术的探测距离过短是未来首先需要解决的问题，其高精度数据解释与反演技术、含水异常体实时动态监测与定量化预测也是研究的重点与趋势。再者，为有效解决物探方法多解性问题，提出重点发展地震体波-槽波联合反演、地震-电法联合反演、地震-瞬变电磁联合反演等融合解释技术。在关键技术应用方面，提出构建地质保障技术体系海量基础数据库，融合5G通讯、大数据、云平台等智能技术，建设综掘工作面探测信息大数据分析平台，进行多源数据融合交互，实现对前方地质体的精准预报;充分利用含水异常体实时动态监测系统、随掘探测系统等提供的在线数据，创新数据智能解释方法，开发探测结果实时处理、动态成像等技术，提高探测时效性;通过异常判识精度与速度双重突破，促进掘进快速智能发展;在此基础上，构建高精度三维巷道地质地球物理模型，提高巷道超前地质透明化程度，动态展示随掘巷道三维空间地质条件，为实现快速智能掘进提供精准地质支撑。

The development of intelligent mine has become a new trend.Under the condition of intelligent drivage,the advanced detection technology needs to provide guarantee for the safe operation of heading face.High detection accuracy and real-time prediction are required under fast drivage and complex geological conditions.Multi-sources and multi-fields information collection,big data intelligent analysis and transparent expression are the new development mode of advanced detection system construction.Combined with the development status of advanced detection technology in tunnel,roadway and other fields in recent years,the problems and trends of its method,technology and application are discussed.Based on the analysis of the key problems such as the complex geological problems and the limitation of basic technology selection in the development of the advanced detection technology of the fast intelligent drivage in the roadway,this paper puts forward that the technologies that can meet the requirements of the advanced detection of the fast intelligent drivage in the roadway are mainly the detection technology while tunneling and the detection technology in the super long borehole.In the aspect of key technology innovation,two kinds of advanced detection technology systems suitable for fast roadway drivage are given,which are the combination of seismic while tunneling technology with roadheader source and transient electromagnetic technology in super long borehole applied in coal roadway,and seismic while tunneling technology with TBM source and BEAM electrical method applied in rock roadway.The development thinking of each kind of basic advanced detection technology is given.Among them,on the basis of the original signal impulse,namely reconstitution processing,the technology of seismic while tunneling still needs to develop high-precision detection and fine imaging technology,such as full space three-dimensional detection,multi-wave multi-component method,full waveform inversion,polarization,scattering,etc.It is necessary to have a breakthrough in the basic research on the data characteristics of TEM signals in ultra-long borehole with or without anomalies.On this basis,the focus on the research should be wave field conversion,full space apparent resistivity inversion and other data processing and interpretation technology and applicable equipment.The short detection distance of BEAM electrical method while tunneling is the first problem to be solved in the future,and its high-precision data interpretation and inversion technology,real-time dynamic monitoring and quantitative prediction of water bearing abnormal body are also the focus and trend of research.Furthermore,in order to solve the problem of multiple solutions of geophysical prospecting methods,it is proposed to focus on the development of fusion interpretation technologies such as seismic body wave-channel wave joint inversion,seismic-electrical method joint inversion,and seismic-transient electromagnetic joint inversion.In the aspect of key technology application,it is proposed to build a massive basic database of geological support technology system,integrate 5G communication,big data,cloud platform and other intelligent technologies,build a big data analysis platform for the detection information of fully mechanized mining face,carry out multi-source data fusion and interaction,and realize the accurate prediction of the geological body in front.Then,it is proposed to make full use of the on line data provided by the real-time dynamic monitoring system of water bearing abnormal body and the detection system while tunneling,innovate the intelligent data interpretation methods,and develop the real-time processing and dynamic imaging technology of detection results to improve the detection timeliness.Through the double breakthrough of abnormal identification accuracy and speed,the fast intelligent development of drivage is promoted.On this basis,the high-precision three-dimensional drivage geological geophysical model is constructed,which improves the degree of geological transparency in advance of roadway,and the 3D spatial geological conditions of the roadway are dynamically displayed,which provides an accurate geological support for fast intelligent drivage.

1 超前探测技术现状

   1.1 常规超前探测方法应用

   1.2 随掘超前探测方法

   1.3 现有技术方法分析

2 巷道快速智能掘进超前探测技术发展面临的关键问题

   2.1 快速掘进条件下超前地质问题极具复杂性

   2.2 快速智能掘进超前探测技术选择局限性

3 巷道快速智能掘进超前探测关键技术发展思考

   3.1 快速超前探测技术基础性研究

   3.2 联合反演成像

   3.3 大数据综合利用

   3.4 透明化地质条件构建

4 结语