为了降低深部矿井充填成本，缓解热害，实现深部矿床和地热能的经济有效开发，提出了一种基于深部充填矿井的矿床-地热协同开采方法。该方法基于矿山功能性充填的学术理念，将矿井充填、热害治理与地热开采3者结合起来，利用埋管采热技术变矿井热害为地热能商品以冲抵充填成本和降温成本。构建出矿床-地热协同开采的总体方案和协同体系，提出矿床与地热开采、采场降温与地热开采以及充填体养护与地热开采3种基本协同模式，实现在治理矿井热害或开采深部矿床的过程中同步开采地热能。以上向分层充填方法为例，从时间、空间、环境和工艺4个维度阐述了矿床开采、空区充填、地热开采3个子系统之间的基本协同原理和机制，充分发挥其在不同阶段的协同增效作用，提高开采效率，降低开采成本。在理论模型方面，构建了充填体埋管换热三维数值模型和地热资源评价模型，给出采热阶段和热恢复阶段的关键控制方程以及地热资源评价指标。利用建立的模型估算了充填矿井地热能潜在利用价值，结果表明围岩温度为45 ℃时，尺寸为3 000 m×20 m×10⁵ m的充填采场能够每年以257.8~377.2 kW的功率为热泵系统连续提供热能(15.0~17.5 ℃) 5.6个月，总计1.2 GW·h，确保热泵系统在寒冷冬季高效稳定地产出50 ℃热水，实现4 600~6 855 m²办公楼的冬季供暖。矿床-地热协同开采技术在深部充填矿井的应用实现了深部矿床开采、空区治理、固废处置与可再生地热能开发的有机融合。

In order to reduce the backfill cost of deep mines,alleviate the heat hazard and realize the economic and effective exploitation of deep ore deposit and geothermal energy,a method named Ore Deposit Geothermal Energy Synergetic Mining (OD-GESM) is put forward.Based on the academic concept of functional backfill in mines,the method,combining mine backfill,heat hazard control and geothermal mining,can transform heat hazards in mines into geothermal energy commodities to offset the backfill cost and cooling cost using a buried pipe heat extraction technology.The overall scheme and synergetic system of OD-GESM are constructed and three basic synergetic modes,i.e.,ore geothermal mining,stope cooling geothermal mining,and backfill body curing geothermal mining are proposed,so as to realize synchronous geothermal energy exploitation in the process of controlling mine heat hazard or mining deep ore deposits.Taking the Upwards Cut fill Mining Method as an example,the basic synergistic principle and mechanism among the three subsystems of ore deposit mining,goaf backfill and geothermal mining are elaborated in four aspects of time,space,environment and technology,to give a full play to their synergistic effect in different stages,improve mining efficiency and reduce mining cost.In theory,a three dimensional numerical model for the heat transfer of buried pipe backfill body and an evaluation model of geothermal resources are constructed,giving the key governing equations and evaluation indexes of geothermal resources in the heat extraction stage and the heat recovery stage.The results show that when the surrounding rock temperature is 45 ℃,the backfill stope with the size of 3 000 m×20 m×10⁵ m can continuously provide the heat energy of 15.0-17.5 ℃ to the heat pump system with the power of 257.8-377.2 kW for 5.6 months each year,a total of 1.2 GW·h.The heat pump system can efficiently and stably produce hot water at 50 ℃ in cold winter to heat an office building of 4 600-6 855 m².The application of OD-GESM technology in the deep backfill mines has realized the organic integration of deep mining,goaf treatment,solid waste disposal and renewable geothermal energy exploitation.

1 利用埋管充填体提取深部矿井地热能的可行性

2 矿床-地热协同开采概念的提出

3 矿床-地热协同开采总体方案

4 基本协同模式

   4.1 矿床与地热开采协同模式

   4.2 采场降温与地热开采协同模式

   4.3 充填体养护与地热开采协同模式

5 矿床-地热开采的协同原理

   5.1 时间维度的协同

   5.2 空间维度的协同

   5.3 环境维度的协同

   5.4 工艺维度的协同

6 理论模型

   6.1 采热单元换热模型

   6.2 地热资源评价模型

7 充填矿井地热资源潜在利用价值

8 结论