国家煤炭开采战略重心西移及集群化、高强度的开采方式，使得西部矿区的地表生态环境呈现出强烈扰动的态势，使本就脆弱的生态环境日趋退化，其中最直观的体现就是对植被影响。传统矿区植被恢复重建其生态恢复效益以及对生态环境影响还有待商榷，可能会形成了植被恢复资金高、投入与恢复低效率的矛盾局面。矿区植被恢复应严格遵循当地自然生态系统发展规律，避免对采后生态系统的再次扰动，科学配置，优化布局、引导恢复生态系统的自修复能力。而弄清煤炭开采扰动区植被覆盖度时序变化，是探索半干旱矿区植被引导型恢复有效方法的重要基础与前提。基于Landsat-NDVI时序数据，以神东中心矿区为研究尺度，分析了不同开采年份采区和非采区植被覆盖度的时序变化，依据不同时序植被覆盖度格点回归斜率、相关系数及标准差，对研究区植被覆盖度变化趋势以及年际波动程度进行评估，并对影响植被覆盖度变化的驱动因素进行了分析。结果得到：从2000—2016年神东中心矿区植被NDVI时序上整体呈物候性周期变化，由于大面积矿区植被重建，2005年后中心矿区植被INDV明显提升，INDV差异值时序变化与该工作面煤炭开采年份密切相关；煤炭开采塌陷对植被覆盖度的影响并不全是负面的，植被覆被度呈降低趋势的区域面积占中心矿区总面积的27.65%；土壤含水量是影响植被生长最重要土壤理化性质因子，其次为有机质含量、全氮含量和容重等；地下水埋深3.2 m和8.0 m为影响神东矿区植被INDV的2个重要阈值，地下水埋深通过影响土壤含水量来实现对地表植被类型的影响；降雨量是中心矿区植被覆盖度变化也有极其重要的影响的气候因子。半干旱矿区植被引导型恢复首先需要对地表永久裂缝进行识别和治理，创造沉陷区土壤水分恢复的前提条件；然后需要加强对沉陷区植物生长与土壤水分及地下水位埋深之间的耦合关系研究，分析植物生长受到干旱胁迫及植物死亡的相关土壤含水量及地下水位埋深阈值，为土壤含水量与地下水位埋深恢复到何种程度提供依据；植物配置、覆盖度控制可采用高空间分辨率的遥感影像对研究区地表植被进行精细分类，结合植被INDV时序变化趋势及波动程度，兼顾对植被生长立地条件的考虑，以植被INDV呈正向波动区植被组成情况作为的参考依据，且植物配置时尽量选择具有耐土壤贫瘠、抗旱性强、根系发达的本地植物物种；应加强对矿区地下水资源分布的探测，加强对采空区积水的循环利用，有计划地优先开采无、少地下水的区域，从源头减少或延缓对地下水的破坏。

The national coal mining strategic center has moved to the western China and the clustering, high intensity mining makes the surface ecological environment of the western mining areas present a strong disturbance situation, which makes the fragile ecological environment gradually degenerate, and the most intuitive embodiment is the impact on vegetation. The ecological restoration benefits and impact on the ecological environment of the traditional mining area vegetation restoration and reconstruction methods still need to be discussed, which may lead to the contradiction between the high investment of vegetation restoration funds and the low recovery efficiency. The vegetation restoration in mining area should strictly follow the development law of local natural ecosystem, avoid the disturbance to the ecosystem after mining, scientifically configure, optimize the layout and guide the restoration of the self healing ability of the ecosystem.Therefore, it is an important basis and premise for exploring the effective method of vegetation guided restoration in semi arid mining areas to clarify the temporal changes of vegetation coverage in the disturbed areas of coal mining. Based on the Landsat NDVI time series data, taking Shendongcentral mining area as the study area, the temporal changes of vegetation coverage in mining area and non mining area were analyzed. According to the regression slope, correlation coefficient and standard deviation of vegetation coverage in different time orders, the change trend and interannual fluctuation degree of vegetation coverage in the study area were evaluated, and the driving factors influencing the change of vegetation coverage were analyzed. The results show that from 2000 to 2016, the vegetation NDVI time series of Shendongcentral mining area demonstrated a phenological cycle change. Due to the large area of vegetation reconstruction in the mining area, the INDV of the central mining area increased significantly after 2005. The influence of coal mining subsidence on vegetation coverage was not all negative. The area with the decreaseof vegetation coverage accounts for 27.65% of the total area of the central mining area.Soil water content is the most important factor of soil physical and chemical properties, followed by organic matter content, total nitrogen content and bulk density. The groundwater depth of 3.2 m and 8.0 m are two important thresholds affecting the vegetation INDV in Shendong mining area. Rainfall also has a very important impact on the change of vegetation coverage in the central mining area. The vegetation guided restoration in semi arid mining area firstly needs to identify and control the permanent cracks on the surface to create the precondition of soil moisture recovery in subsidence area. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the coupling relationship between plant growth and soil moisture and groundwater table depth in subsidence area, and analyze the soil water content and groundwater depth threshold of plant growth under drought stress and plant death, so as to provide the basis for the restoration of soil water content and groundwater table depth. For plant configuration and coverage control, high spatial resolution remote sensing images can be used for a fine classification of surface vegetation in the study area. Combined with the temporal variation trend and fluctuation degree of vegetation INDV, and considering the site conditions of vegetation growth, the vegetation composition in the positive fluctuation area of vegetation INDV is taken as a reference basis. In addition, the local plant species with poor soil resistance, strong drought resistance and developed root system should be selected as far as possible. Finally, it also should strengthen the detection on the distribution of groundwater resources in the mining area, strengthen the recycling of the water in the goaf, and give priority to the exploitation of the areas without or less groundwater in a planned way, so as to reduce or delay the damage to groundwater from the source.

1 研究区域概况与数据来源

   1.1 研究区域概况

   1.2 数据来源

   1.3 矿区开采工艺及开采情况

2 研究方法

   2.1 植被指数与覆盖度的计算方法

   2.2 植被覆盖度时序变化趋势计算方法

   2.3 植被覆盖度时序波动程度计算方法

3 矿区植被覆盖度变化及驱动因素分析

   3.1 基于Landsat的神东中心矿区植被NDVI时序变化分析

   3.2 神东中心矿区植被覆盖度时序变化趋势分析

   3.3 神东中心矿区植被覆盖度时序波动程度分析

   3.4 植被覆盖度变化驱动因素分析

4 主要结论与建议

   4.1 主要结论

   4.2 神东矿区植被引导型恢复建议