通过对深孔顶板预裂爆破过程的分析，提出了深孔顶板预裂爆破力构协同防冲机理并对其类型进行划分，模拟分析了不同爆孔布置方式下的爆破岩体Mises等效应力场、塑性破坏区及典型质点有效应力和位移变化规律并进行现场冲击地压防治实践。研究表明，深孔顶板预裂爆破通过强力冲击动载破岩作用、高温高压高速爆轰气体冲击气楔作用和热交换回弹拉伸作用对顶板进行损伤破坏，降低岩体内部结构单元储能能力，促使相邻爆孔之间裂隙的贯通，形成岩层结构破断弱面，使其在矿山压力作用下沿预定位置弯曲破断，具有弱化顶板岩层介质力学属性和优化岩层破断结构的双重作用。相比于直线式和三花式爆孔布孔方式，深浅组合式使得爆破后Mises有效应力在作用范围和作用时间上更加充分，增加了爆破裂隙密度及多向发展的可能性，延长了爆破衰减能量作用岩石的时间，致使塑性破坏区范围更加发育，爆破块度更加碎裂均匀，当工作面由未断顶区域进入断顶区域或者进出相邻不同断顶预裂设计施工区域时，因人为造成上覆顶板岩层结构运动不协调，应力与能量传递不连续，易于诱发冲击地压。当顶板爆破施工区域微震监测出现“缺震”现象时，可将其作为冲击危险典型预测前兆信息。

Based on the analysis of deep hole roof pre-blasting, the mechanism of force-structure cooperative prevention and control of rockburst using deep hole roof pre-blasting and its types were put forword. Mises equivalent stress field, plastic failure area and the change law of effective stress and displacement of typical material points under different bole hole arrangements were simulated and the field rockburst prevention and control was carried out. The research shows that the deep hole roof pre-blasting can damage the roof by the strong impact of dynamic load, the action of impact air wedge of high temperature, high pressure and high speed detonation gas and the rebound tensile action of heat exchange. Therefore, it reduces the energy storage capacity of the internal structural unit of rock mass, and promotes the crack through and the weak fracture surface formed. Under the action of mine pressure, the roof can break along the predetermined position, which can weaken the mechanical properties of roof rock and optimize the fracture structure of rock. Compared with the linear and three pattern bole hole arrangements, the deep shallow combination makes the effective stress of Mises more sufficient in the scope and time of action, and increases the probability of blasting fracture density and multi-directional development. Also, it prolongs the time of the blasting attenuation energy acting on the rock, and makes the plastic failure area more developed and the blasting fragmentation more even. When the working face enters into or out the roof breaking area, the movement of overlying strata is not coordinated and the stress/energy transfer is not continuous, thus it is easy to induce the impact ground pressure. When the phenomenon of “lack-earthquake” appears in the micro-seismic monitoring of roof blasting area, it can be used as a typical prediction precursor for rockburst.

1 深孔顶板预裂爆破力构协同防冲机理分析及类型划分

   1.1 深孔顶板预裂爆破过程及力构协同防冲机理分析

   1.2 深孔顶板预裂爆破防冲类型划分

2 深孔顶板预裂爆破力构协同防冲影响因素分析

   2.1 爆破方程选取及模型建立

   2.2 模拟方案

   2.3 模拟结果分析

3 深孔顶板预裂爆破力构协同防冲工程实践

   3.1 工程现场概况

   3.2 爆破参数设计

   3.3 深孔顶板预裂爆破防冲效果检验

4 结论