窄煤柱回采巷道底板通常表现为非对称破坏特征，当覆岩突然断裂释放能量时，会对窄煤柱巷道产生动载扰动作用。在动载扰动作用下，岩片剥落乃至岩块弹射的现象较为普遍，加剧了巷道底板的破坏程度，导致巷道底板稳定性维护难度较大。为掌握窄煤柱回采巷道底板破坏机制以及动载扰动对巷道底板稳定性的影响，综合采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测的方法，建立了窄煤柱巷道底板力学模型并分析了巷道底板的应力、能量以及开挖卸荷特征，结果表明：开挖后，窄煤柱巷道底板两侧应力呈非对称分布，实体煤底板和巷道底板的应力大于煤柱底板，靠近实体煤侧底板容易发生剪切破坏。巷道开挖后，煤柱和巷道底板处于卸轴压和卸围压状态，实体煤底板为双向加载状态。动载扰动后，煤柱和巷道底板的能量增量大于实体煤底板，靠近煤柱侧底板受动载扰动的影响更大。在考虑动载扰动条件下，开挖后煤柱和巷道底板为释能状态，实体煤底板为能量积聚状态，围岩“非均衡”应力状态是巷道底板失稳、非对称破坏的重要原因。增加煤柱和巷道底板的变形模量或施加补偿应力、降低底板的应力集中程度和蓄能量是改善巷道底板的“非均衡”程度两条主要思路。通过对某矿窄煤柱巷道实施非对称支护技术，对煤柱侧底板进行注浆加固，改善底板“非均衡”状态，有效控制了巷道底鼓量。

The floor of a narrow coal pillar mining roadway often exhibits asymmetric failure characteristics. When the overburden suddenly breaks and releases energy, it will have a dynamic load disturbance effect on the narrow coal pillar roadway. Under the action of dynamic load disturbance, the phenomenon of rock fragmentation and even rock ejection is more common, which makes it difficult to maintain the stability of the roadway floor. In order to grasp the failure mechanism of narrow coal pillar mining roadway floor and the influence of dynamic load disturbance on the stability of roadway floor, a comprehensive use of theoretical analysis and on-site measurement methods, a mechanical model of the floor of the narrow coal pillar roadway is established, and the stress, energy and excavation unloading characteristics of the roadway floor are analyzed. The results show that：after excavation, the stress on both sides of the narrow coal pillar roadway floor is asymmetrically distributed. The stress of the solid coal floor and the roadway floor is greater than that of the coal pillar floor, and the side floor near the solid coal is prone to shear failure. After the excavation of the roadway, the coal pillars and the roadway floor are in a state of unloading axial pressure and confining pressure, and the solid coal floor is in a two-way loading state. After the dynamic load is disturbed, the energy increment of the coal pillar and the roadway floor is greater than that of the solid coal floor, and the side floor near the coal pillar is more affected by the dynamic load disturbance. Considering the disturbance of the dynamic load, the coal pillars and the roadway floor are in a state of discharging energy after excavation, the solid coal floor is in a state of energy accumulation, and the "unbalanced" stress state of the surrounding rock is an important reason for the instability and asymmetric failure of the roadway floor. Increasing the deformation modulus of coal pillars and roadway floor or applying compensation stress, reducing the stress concentration of floor and storing energy are the two main ideas to improve the "unbalanced" degree of roadway floor. Through the implementation of asymmetric support technology for a narrow coal pillar roadway in a certain mine, the floor near the coal pillar side is grouted and reinforced, thereby improving the "unbalanced" state of the floor and effectively controlling the floor heave of the roadway.