概述了碳中和地质技术的形成背景及其在碳中和知识体系中的定位.提出了碳中和地质技术的概念和内涵.评述了关键碳中和地质技术的国内外进展.分析讨论和前瞻了碳中和地质技术在煤炭低碳化开发利用进程中的重要应用方向.应用模式和发展前景.已有研究工作表明:作为碳中和知识体系的碳中和科学与工程交叉学科正在形成.在地球科学基本背景上碳中和相关学科群交叉融通形成了当前碳中和科学与工程主要研究领域和技术发展方向.碳中和地质技术是碳中和科学与工程交叉学科的重要组成部分.也是实现碳中和目标的关键技术,二氧化碳捕集利用与封存技术.生态地质与碳增汇技术.煤层中甲烷减排与资源化开发利用技术.化石能源低碳化开发利用地质技术.地热资源高效勘查与开发技术.新能源高效安全开发利用地质保障技术.矿化固碳地质技术和地球工程等构成了碳中和地质技术的当前核心内涵,以CCUS(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage.碳捕集.利用与封存)大规模集群化部署与全流程技术.煤层甲烷接续高效抽采与低浓度瓦斯(含乏风瓦斯)利用技术.煤型关键金属探采选冶全流程技术.矿区生态地质修复重构与碳增汇技术.干热岩型地热地质新能源勘查开发利用技术.供能蓄能一体化水电和核电等新能源开发利用地质工程保障技术.太阳辐射管理前沿技术探索为代表.关键碳中和地质技术已取得重要进展,CCUS将成为低排放燃煤发电.煤转化.煤制氢.煤制特种燃料.煤基材料等煤炭低碳洁净高效利用关键技术的关键.煤炭基地或煤矿区CCUS以煤基CO2源.煤系CO2地质碳汇.CO2矿化固定与采空区充填封存为技术特色且具有紧迫需求,从原位煤层气高效勘探开发.煤矿瓦斯井下-地面协同高效抽采.关闭矿井瓦斯高效抽采到低浓度和乏风瓦斯高效利用.煤层甲烷高效抽采利用与减排综合技术应用模式将得到快速发展和推广,通过覆岩变形控制与地表植被生态系统保持.水资源与区域生态系统保护.采动裂隙与温室气体大气排放控制.数字矿山与节能提效等方式发展和应用绿色智慧矿山地质保障技术.实现煤炭生产过程减碳,应用煤矿区生态修复与碳增汇技术.实现煤矸石处置与减污降碳协同.塌陷区治理与碳增汇.土地整治利用与增汇固碳,加快应用和发展煤系共伴生资源共探共采与碳减排技术.实现煤系气.煤型关键金属高效勘查开发利用突破.对服务我国低碳洁净高效安全新能源体系构建和实现源头减碳意义重大.

In this study,the formation background of geological technology for carbon neutrality and its position in the knowledge system of carbon neutrality are outlined.The concept and connotation of geological technology for carbon neutrality are proposed.The important application directions,application models and development prospects of geological technology for carbon neutrality in the process of low carbon coal exploitation and utilization are analyzed and discussed.Current works have shown that the cross-discipline of carbon neutrality science and engineering as a knowledge system of carbon neutrality is emerging.On the basic background of earth science,the interdisciplinary integration of carbon neutrality-related disciplines is becoming the present main research fields and technology development directions of carbon neutrality science and engineering.Geological technology for carbon neutrality is an important component of carbon neutrality science and engineering,and also a key technology to achieve carbon neutrality goal.Carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage technology,ecological geology and carbon sink technology,emission reduction of coal bed methane and its related resource utilization technology,geological technology for low-carbon development and utilization of fossil energy,high-efficiency exploration and development technology of geothermal resource,geological guarantee technology for efficient and safe development and utilization of new energy,mineralization and carbon sequestration and geoengineering are the current core connotation of geological technology for carbon neutrality.With the development of following technologies,e.g.,CCUS (Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage) large-scale cluster deployment and whole process technology,coalbed methane continuous efficient extraction and low concentration gas (including ventilation air methane) utilization technology,the whole process technology of exploration,mining and smelting of coal-hosted key metals,ecological geological restoration and reconstruction of mining area and the increase in carbon sink technology,exploration,development and utilization of new energy resources of geothermy in hot dry rock,geological guarantee technologies for the development and utilization of hydropower,nuclear power and other new energy sources with integrated power supply and storage,and solar radiation management frontier technology,some significant progresses have been made for carbon neutrality.The CCUS will be the key to low carbon,clean and efficient utilization of coal technologies such as the low emission coal-fired power generation,coal conversion,coal to hydrogen,coal to special fuels,and coal-based materials.The CCUS in coal base or coal mining area,characterized by coal-based CO2 source,coal-measure CO2 geological carbon sink,CO2 mineralization and fixation and goaf filling and sealing,is an urgent need.In-situ exploration and development of coalbed methane,underground and surface collaborative extraction of coalbed gas,extraction of closed mine gas,utilization of low concentration coalbed methane and ventilation air methane,application model of high-efficiency efficient extraction,utilization and emission reduction comprehensive technology of coalbed methane will be rapidly developed and popularized.The controlling of overburden deformation and the maintaining of surface vegetation ecosystem,the protection of water resources and regional ecosystem,the controlling of mining-induced fractures and greenhouse gas emission and the development and application of green and intelligent mine geological guarantee technology by means of digital mine and energy saving and efficiency improvement contribute to the carbon reduction in coal production process.Ecological restoration and carbon sequestration technology in coal mining areas should be applied to realize the coordination between coal gangue disposal and pollution reduction and carbon reduction,treatment of subsidence area and the increasing of carbon sink,land consolidation and utilization.The application and development of the co-exploration and co-exploitation of coal-type co-associated resources and carbon emission reduction technology should also be accelerated to achieve the breakthroughs of high-efficiency exploration,exploitation and utilization of coal measure gas and coal-type key metals.The geological technology for carbon neutrality mentioned above is of great significance to serve the construction of low-carbon,clean,efficient and safe new energy system and the realization of carbon reduction from sources in China.

1 碳中和地质技术

   1.1 地球科学与碳中和

   1.2 碳中和地质技术内涵

   1.3 关键碳中和地质技术进展

2 碳中和地质技术在煤炭低碳化中的应用

   2.1 CCUS与煤炭消费CO₂去除

   2.2 煤层甲烷高效抽采利用与甲烷减排

   2.3 绿色智慧矿山地质保障与煤炭生产减碳

   2.4 煤矿区生态修复与生态碳汇增汇

   2.5 煤系共伴生资源共探共采与碳减排

3 结论