针对浓度较低、流量较大的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的治理，传统处理技术在技术和经济上存在一定局限性，达不到预期结果。而低温等离子体（Non-Thermal Plasma，NTP）技术在处理VOCs方面具有反应器处理费用少、反应器结构简单、适用范围广、反应条件温和等优点，近年来受到广泛关注。单独等离子体降解VOCs存在O3、NO2、有机副产物众多等问题，易对环境造成二次污染。低温等离子体协同催化降解VOCs体系对于提高VOCs降解率、降低反应系统能耗、减少有害副产物产生均有显著作用。详细介绍了NTP协同催化降解VOCs技术，总结了NTP协同催化降解VOCs的影响因素、不同催化体系和放电类型对降解率的影响，对等离子体技术降解VOCs机理及低温等离子体协同催化降解VOCs的机理进行了推断，并阐述了等离子体技术与催化剂催化在降解VOCs方面产生的协同作用，最后对该技术进行了展望。目前单一处理技术很难满足VOCs的处理要求，普遍采用多种技术耦合的方式进行处理。近年来学者将低温等离子体技术与催化技术联合，对提高VOCs降解率、降低反应系统能耗、减少有害副产物产生均有显著作用，该技术具有可行性和研究价值。目前研究集中于催化剂与低温等离子体的复合方式、催化剂种类、工艺参数等因素对污染物的降解效果，研究不深入。等离子体技术仍存在矿化率较低、副产物多等缺点，如等离子体内反应后会产生NOx、臭氧等副产物，形成二次污染。由于气体放电产生的低温等离子体中活性自由基种类繁多，降解VOCs的化学反应过程复杂，关于低温等离子体与催化协同的作用机理还不明确，尤其是等离子体降解VOCs的分子动力学基础理论还有待进一步研究。因此，应立足本质安全，着眼于工业应用，提出一套适于低温等离子体协同催化治理VOCs工艺特性的安全评价理论、方法与工具，对整个工艺体系开展全方位的危险性辨识与风险评价，确定可能的安全隐患，并给出改善举措，最大限度降低工艺流程设计中的不合理选择与缺陷，从根本上达到安全工业应用的目标。

For the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with low concentration and large flow,the traditional treatment technology has some limitations in technology and economy,and can not reach the expected results. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology has many advantages in the treatment of VOCs,such as low reactor treatment cost,simple reactor structure,simple operation,wide range of application,mild reaction conditions,which has received widespread attention in recent years. The experimental results show that the degradation of VOCs by single plasma has many problems such as O3,NO2 and organic by-products,which is easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment. The results show that the synergistic catalytic degradation of VOCs by low temperature plasma has significant effect on improving VOCs degradation rate,reducing energy consumption of reaction system and reducing harmful by-products. The NTP collaborative catalytic degradation of VOCs technology in detail was introduced,the influencing factors of NTP collaborative catalytic degradation of VOCs,the influence of different catalytic systems and discharge types on the degradation rate were summarized,and the mechanism of plasma technology and low temperature plasma co-catalytic degradation of VOCs was deduced. The synergistic effect of plasma technology and catalyst catalysis on VOCs degradation was described. Finally,the future development of this technology was prospected. The investigation shows that the current single processing technology is difficult to meet the VOCs processing requirements,a variety of technology coupling methods are widely used at home and abroad. In recent years,the combination of low-temperature plasma technology with catalytic technology plays a significant role in improving the degradation rate of VOCs,reducing the energy consumption of the reaction system and the generation of harmful by-products. This technology has feasibility and research value. At present,the research focuses on the degradation effect of pollutants by the combination mode of catalyst and low-temperature plasma,catalyst type,process parameters and other factors,but the research content is not in-depth. Plasma technology still has the disadvantages of low mineralization rate and many by-products,such as NOx,ozone and other by-products after plasma reaction,forming secondary pollution. In addition,due to the variety of active free radicals in the low-temperature plasma generated by gas discharge and the complex chemical reaction process of VOCs degradation,the synergistic mechanism of low-temperature plasma and catalysis is still unclear,especially the basic molecular dynamics theory of plasma degradation of VOCs remains to be further studied.Therefore,focusd on intrinsically safe and industrial applications,it is necessary to put forward a set of safety evaluation theory,method and tool which is suitable for process characteristics of low temperature plasma cocatalytic governance  of VOCs. And it can be used to develop risk identification and risk evaluation for the whole process system,to identify potential safety hazard,and provide improvement measures,reduce the unreasonable choice and defect in the process design to the greatest extent,and achieves the goal of safe industrial application fundamentally.

0 引言

1 等离子体催化技术

   1.1 低温等离子体

   1.2 催化剂

   1.3 等离子体催化系统

2 等离子体催化参数的影响

   2.1 氧浓度

   2.2 湿度

   2.3 温度

   2.4 载气类型

   2.5 气体流速

   2.6 初始浓度

   2.7 反应器结构

3 机理研究

   3.1 低温等离子体处理VOCs机理

   3.2 低温等离子体催化协同机理

4 结语与展望