CO2地质利用与封存（CGUS）是化石资源利用行业实现大规模低碳利用和碳中和的托底技术。为攻克该技术规模化减排的关键技术难点，开展关键技术识别与评价研究十分必要。采用专家评估与调研方法对CO2地质利用与封存技术进行分类，分析共性技术与特性技术的主要特点与研发方向，依据技术不可替代性、高效安全性、技术成熟度(TRLs)差距、发展潜力等多目标评价与筛选，形成关键技术清单；并对场地表征与监测技术进行分析，最后分类给出提升关键技术的研发方向与策略建议。CGUS关键技术主要集中在场地表征与筛选、场地评估与风险评价、场地监测与预警、地下资源处理、碳封存与资源增采协同等技术大类层次上。总体而言，我国CO2地质利用与封存技术处于研发示范阶段，现有技术体系基本可满足CO2-EOR与EWR大规模示范工程的需求；但部分关键技术与国际水平存在一定差距，还有一些技术在全球范围内不成熟，大规模实施CGUS技术前必须突破。场地监测技术是涉及CGUS安全性与有效性的关键技术，现有技术水平与CGUS规模化示范工程需求之间存在较大差距，需进一步研发和验证，特别需要适应CO2环境和深地环境，提高耐久性、监测精度和结果解释可靠性。关键技术研发方向包括但不限于：高精度地层层序勘探、储盖层与岩性解释、地震勘探技术及数据解释技术、地层数据聚合技术、地下储盖层空间地质模型、场地性能模拟与地层评价技术、基于精细表征的导向钻完井技术和相应装备、抗CO2腐蚀的井下和地表设备、一体化。

CO2 geological utilization and storage (CGUS) is essential to realizing large-scale low-carbon utilization and carbon neutrality of fossil-based energy and industries. In order to overcome the key technical difficulties of large-scale emission reduction of this technology,it is crucial to identify and evaluate key technologies and equipment for CO2 geological utilization and storage. In this study,the various technologies of CGUS were defined and classified according to the expert panels and CGUS project investigations;and then the main characteristics and development trends of generic and special technologies were analyzed.The key technologies inventory was formed by the multiple criteria including unrepeatability,safety,efficiency,technical readiness levels(TRLs) gaps,and the development potential.Moreover,the site characterization and monitoring technology were classified and analyzed according to multiple criteria methods;finally,some strategic recommendations on research and development activities were suggested. As a result,the key technologies at the primary technology level mainly focus on site characterization and screening,risk assessment and management,site monitoring and early warning,CO2 utilization and resource treatment technology,synergies of carbon storage and resource recovery,etc. Although most of the technologies in China are at the stage of research and demonstration and the existing technology system can meet the requirement of large-scale CGUS projects;the significant technical gaps exist between TRLs in China and international levels in various key technologies. Moreover,breakthroughs are necessary for these immature technologies globally before large-scale implementation of CGUS technology. Site monitoring technology is vital technology related to the security and effectiveness of CGUS,and there are considerable gaps between the current technology readiness levels and the requirements of large-scale CGUS projects,which needs to be further developed and verified to adapt to the CO2 and reservoir environment,improve the long-term durability,monitoring accuracy,and the reliability of the interpretation of results. The key technologies requiring research and development include but are not limited to high-precision stratigraphic sequence exploration,high-precision seismic investigation technology,explanation of reservoir-seal pairs and lithology at ten-meter scales,assimilation technology of multiple data types and resolutions,site performance simulation and stratigraphic evaluation techniques,steering drilling & completion technology with related equipment,CO2-resistant downhole and surface equipment,integration of site monitoring technology system,CO2 geological storage risk prediction and risk management,underground space management and site performance assessment,collaborative optimization of carbon sequestration and resource recovery,etc. For the technical elements with large gap in technical maturity at home and abroad or highly dependent on imports such as high-precision sensors,CO2 resistant sealing material,downhole reagents,new structures,new algorithms and codes,and sustained-release agents,it is necessary to improve the gold content and added value of elements and narrow the gap with the international technical level. In macro research,it is necessary to deploy fossil-based energy and industrial emission reduction strategies,industrial planning research,source and sink matching,CCUS and multi-industry integration strategy,etc. Therefore,it is necessary to improve the TRLs of key technologies,improve the reliability and accuracy of existing technologies and technical elements,and ultimately set a solid foundation for core competitiveness in CGUS industrialization and commercialization.

0 引言

1 关键技术评估方法

2 CGUS技术识别与分类

3 CGUS技术评估

   3.1 关键技术

   3.2 监测技术

   3.3 其他可研发技术

   3.4 研究不足

4 技术研发与示范建议

   4.1 技术研发方向

   4.2 技术研发策略