活性炭作为关键材料应用于水体深度净化处理工艺较为成熟可靠，国内大多数城市的市政自来水生产采用活性炭水深度净化工艺。以活性炭作为吸附剂对水中典型污染物进行净化处理，研究活性炭在水体深度净化过程中的吸附特性，为饮用水处理中活性炭的选择提供依据。采用新疆煤为原料制备的高效压块活性炭作为吸附剂处理黄浦江原水，以水体中UV254和COD（Mn）为深度净化效果的评价指标。采用吸附等温模型和拟二级动力学模型对静态吸附试验数据进行拟合，评价活性炭对水中污染物的吸附性能；研究不同通水量条件下活性炭净化效果；采用上向流（自下而上）曝气生物吸附装置对黄浦江原水进行处理，推算活性炭服务期限；分析活性炭最佳再生试验条件。结果表明，该活性炭对黄浦江原水中以UV254和COD（Mn）为指标的物质平衡吸附容量分别为0.481 (cm·g)-1和13.889 mg/g，相较于COD（Mn）指标，活性炭对以UV254为指标的物质吸附更快；采用动态试验研究活性炭的处理效果，当通水倍数达到6 990时活性炭对以UV254和COD（Mn）为指标的物质吸附基本达到平衡，此时UV254去除率降至50%，COD（Mn）去除率降至5.9%。对比吸附饱和活性炭与新活性炭的理化参数，发现在长期水流冲刷和水流剪切力作用下，活性炭的粒径变小、装填密度和强度增加。活性炭的服务期限主要通过其物理寿命反映，根据曝气及反冲洗过程中活性炭炭层和粒度的损耗程度，推算其服务期限约9.2 a。综合分析活性炭再生得率、再生后吸附性能恢复情况及再生成本等，当再生温度850 ℃、水蒸气流量80 m3/min时，最优再生时间为3 h，可再生3次。

Activated carbon as a key material applied to the deep purification treatment process of water  is mature and reliable. The municipal water production in most cities in China adopts the activated carbon water deep purification process. The activated carbon was used as an adsorbent to purify the typical pollutants in water. The adsorption characteristics of activated carbon in the advance purification process of drinking water was researched to provide a basis for the selection of activated carbon in drinking water treatment. High-efficiency briquetted activated carbon prepared from Xinjiang coal was used as the adsorbent to treat the raw water of the Huangpu River. The  UV254 and COD（Mn） of the water were used as the evaluation indexes of the advance purification effect. The data of static adsorption test were fitted by adsorption isothermal model and quasi-secondary kinetic model to evaluate the adsorption properties of pollutant in water samples by activated carbon. The removal effect of pollutant by activated carbon at different water fluxes was studied. The raw water of Huangpu River was treated by upper flow aeration biosorbent device, and the service period was calculated. Optimal regeneration conditions of activated carbon were analyzed. The results indicate that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of activated carbon for substances represented by  UV254 and COD（Mn）index in the water is 0.481（cm·g）-1 and 13.889 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the substances represented by COD(Mn), activated carbon absorbed substances represented by  UV254 faster. Dynamic experiment was used to study the treatment effect of activated carbon. When water fluxes ratio reaches 6 990, the adsorption of activated carbon to substances represented by  UV254 and COD（Mn）basically reaches equilibrium. At this time, the removal rate of  UV254 is reduced to 50%, and the removal rate of COD（Mn）is reduced to 5.9%. Comparing the physico-chemical parameters of adsorption of saturated activated carbon with new activated carbon, it is found that the particle size of saturated carbon becomes smaller and the loading density and strength increases under the action of long-term water flow scour and water flow shear force. The service life of activated carbon is mainly reflected through its physical life. According to the loss degree of activated carbon layer and particle size in the process of aeration and backwashing, the service life is estimated to be about 9.2 years. After comprehensive analysis of  the regeneration rate of activated carbon, recovery of adsorption properties and regeneration cost, the optimal time of regeneration is 3 hours, and the activated carbon is regenerated 3 times when the regeneration temperature is 850 ℃ and the water vapor flow rate is 80 m3/min.

0 引言

1 材料与方法

   1.1 试验材料

   1.2 试验方法

2 结果与讨论

   2.1 静态吸附试验

   2.2 动态吸附试验

   2.3 活性炭物理寿命测试结果

   2.4 活性炭再生工艺确定

3 结论