煤与可再生能源及绿氢耦合，构建煤基零碳/低碳综合能源中心，可显著提高新型电力系统的稳定性和调节的灵活性，且可显著降低发电的碳排放，同时生产低碳替代燃料，以供下游工业领域的深度脱碳，或跨季节储能。基于此构建IGCC联产甲醇耦合光伏制氢、IGCC联产合成氨耦合光伏制氢、富氧燃烧耦合光伏制氢及CO2加氢制甲醇等典型系统。以典型容量进行了各单元基本的质量能量平衡匹配，及适应可再生能源波动性的白天/夜间不同运行模式分析，并进行各单元技术现状分析，认为这些系统具备基本的技术可行性。投煤量2 000 t/d等级的IGCC与420 MW光伏、8.4万m3/h电解水制氢、2 500 t/d等级甲醇合成构成的耦合系统，可实现上网电负荷在0～557 MW调节，甲醇产量在750～2 500 t/d调节。投煤量2 000 t/d等级的IGCC与435 MW光伏、8.7万m3/h电解水制氢、2 000 t/d等级合成氨构成的耦合系统，可实现上网电负荷在0～605 MW调节，合成氨产量在600～2 000 t/d调节。200 MWe煤富氧燃烧发电系统与8万m3/h CO2捕集、3 600 MW光伏、72万m3/h电解水制氢、2 743 t/d甲醇合成（CO2加氢制甲醇）构成的耦合系统，可以实现上网电功率在60～3 660 MW调节，甲醇产量在823～2 743 t/d调节。在这些系统中，煤的转化利用过程是系统稳定可靠运行及灵活调节的基础，可大幅消纳可再生能源的波动。煤与可再生能源二者耦合，实现了各自单独运行时难以同时实现的低碳与稳定的双重目标。同时绿氢副产O2的有效利用可有效降低传统IGCC及富氧燃烧的成本。煤与可再生能源及绿氢耦合的煤基零碳/低碳综合能源中心具有很好的发展前景，将在我国碳达峰、碳中和战略目标的实现过程中发挥重要作用。适应可再生能源波动性的PEM电解水制氢技术、H2大规模低成本储存技术、CO2加氢制甲醇技术、燃气轮机燃用H2技术等还有待进一步大型化并大幅降低成本，以促进煤基零碳综合能源中心在未来的大规模应用。

Coal is coupled with renewable energy and green hydrogen to build a coal-based zero-carbon/low-carbon integrated energy center, which can significantly improve the stability and flexibility of regulation of new power systems, significantly reduce the carbon emissions of power generation, and  low-carbon alternative fuels are produced for deep decarbonization of downstream industrial sectors, or for cross-season storage. Based on this, typical systems such as IGCC（Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle） co-production of methanol coupled with photovoltaic hydrogen production, IGCC co-production of ammonia coupled with photovoltaic hydrogen production, oxygen-rich combustion coupled with photovoltaic hydrogen production, and CO2 hydrogenation to methanol were constructed. The basic mass-energy balance matching of each unit, and the different daytime/nighttime operation modes adapted to the fluctuations of renewable energy with typical capacity were analyzed. The technical status of each unit were also analyzed and It was believed that these systems had the basic technical feasibility. The coupling system composed of IGCC with coal dosage of 2 000 t/d, 420 MW photovoltaic, 84 000 m3/h hydrolytic hydrogen production and 2 500 t/d methanol synthesis can realize the on-grid load regulation from 0 to 557 MW and methanol production regulation from 750 to 2 500 t/d. The coupling system composed of IGCC with coal dosage of 2 000 t/d, 435 MW photovoltaic, 87 000 m3/h water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and 2 000 t/d synthetic ammonia can realize the on-grid load regulation in 0-605 MW, and the production of synthetic ammonia regulation in 600-2 000 t/d. The coupling system consisting of 200 MWe coal oxygen-rich combustion power generation system, 80 000 m3/h CO2 capture,3 600 MW photovoltaic, 720 000 m3/h water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and 2 743 t/d methanol synthesis (CO2 hydrogenation for methanol production) can achieve on-grid power regulation between 60 and 3 660 MW. The methanol yield is regulated from 823 to 2 743 t/d. In these systems, the process of coal conversion and utilization provides the basis for stable and reliable operation and flexible regulation of the system, which can greatly absorb the fluctuations of renewable energy. Coal and renewable energy are coupled to achieve the dual goals of low carbon and stability that are difficult to be achieved simultaneously when they operate separately. At the same time, the effective utilization of greenhydrogen by-product O2 can effectively reduce the cost of traditional IGCC and oxygen-rich combustion. A coal-based zero-carbon/low-carbon integrated energy center combining coal, renewable energy and green hydrogen has a good development prospect in the future, and will play an important role in the realization of China′s carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategic goals. In order to promote the large-scale application of coal-based zero-carbon integrated energy center in the future, PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production technology adapted to the fluctuations of renewable energy, H2 large-scale low-cost storage technology, CO2 hydrogenation to methanol technology, gas turbine to fuel H2 technology, etc. need to be further scaled up and greatly reduced in cost, so as to promote the large-scale application of coal based zero carbon comprehensive energy center in the future.

0 引言

1 典型系统的构建

   1.1 系统构建的基础

   1.2 IGCC发电联产甲醇耦合光伏发电制氢系统

   1.3 IGCC发电联产合成氨耦合光伏发电制氢系统

   1.4 富氧燃烧发电耦合光伏制氢和CO2加氢制甲醇系统

   1.5 3个典型系统比较

2 各单元技术的现状及可行性

   2.1 光伏发电和风电

   2.2 电解水制氢

   2.3 H2的压缩

   2.4 大规模气态储氢

   2.5 H2的液化

   2.6 大规模液态储氢

   2.7 空气分离及液氮液氧的储存

   2.8 煤气化

   2.9 合成气变换

   2.10 富氧燃烧

   2.11 IGCC多联产

   2.12 合成甲醇

   2.13 合成氨

   2.14 CO2加H2制甲醇

   2.15 燃气轮机掺烧H2

3 结论