现阶段巷道围岩控制仍是煤炭资源深部开采的重大难题之一，而围岩塑性的形成与发展是导致巷道大变形和破坏的主要原因。通过数值模拟研究了巷道塑性区形成与发展规律以及对巷道稳定性的影响，结合理论分析和室内试验研究了锚杆支护的作用机理并阐述了支护与围岩变形的内在关系，基于蝶形破坏理论探讨了深部巷道围岩的控制原理，提出深部巷道围岩控制技术并在工程中予以应用。结果显示：(1)锚杆支护能够有效减少围岩变形，但是无法控制巷道不发生变形，即在现有的支护水平下巷道存在着部分无法控制的围岩变形，即“给定变形”，且“给定变形”随巷道埋深的增加不断增大。(2)锚杆支护对于巷道围岩剪胀、滑移等非连续性变形的控制效果明显，而对于完整岩体的连续性变形的影响十分有限。因此，锚杆支护主要是通过控制巷道塑性区内岩体的非连续性变形进而控制巷道的总变形。(3)巷道总变形主要包括“给定变形”和“支护残余变形”2个部分。巷道围岩控制的主要途径就是减少“支护残余变形”。(4)锚杆支护的作用机理要求锚杆的锚固基础必须始终位于完整岩体中，因此巷道开挖后的塑性区形态以及塑性区在服务期内的发展规律对于锚杆支护方式的设计至关重要。巷道塑性区形态及其力学响应的差异性决定了巷道支护方式必须差异化设计。

At present, roadway surrounding rock control is still one of the major problems in deep mining of coal resources. The formation and development of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock is the main cause of large deformation and failure of roadway. In this paper, the formation and development of plastic zone and its influence on the stability of roadway are studied by numerical simulation. Through theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments, the mechanism of bolt support is studied and the internal relationship between support and surrounding rock deformation is expounded. Based on butterfly failure theory, the control principle of surrounding rock in deep roadway is discussed, and the control technology of surrounding rock in deep roadway is put forward and applied in engineering. The results show that: ① Bolt support can effectively reduce the deformation of surrounding rock, but cannot control the deformation of roadway. Under the existing support level, there is some uncontrollable deformation of surrounding rock in roadway, namely ‘given deformation’. And the ‘given deformation’ increases with the increase of roadway buried depth. ② The control effect of bolt support for roadway surrounding rock dilatancy, slip and other non-continuous deformation is obvious, but for the continuous deformation of intact rock is very limited. Therefore, bolt support mainly controls the total deformation of roadway by controlling the discontinuous deformation of rock mass in plastic zone of roadway. ③ The total deformation of roadway mainly includes ‘given deformation’ and ‘residual deformation after supporting’. The main way of roadway surrounding rock control is to reduce ‘ residual deformation after supporting’. ④ The mechanism of bolt support requires that the anchor foundation must always be located in the complete rock mass. Therefore, the shape of plastic zone after roadway excavation and the development law of plastic zone in the service period are very important for the design of bolt support. The difference of roadway plastic zone shape and its mechanical response determines that the roadway support must be designed differently.

0 引言
1 锚杆支护与围岩变形的关系分析
1.1 锚杆支护作用与极限
1.2 锚杆支护的作用机理
2 深部巷道围岩大变形成因分析
2.1 巷道围岩的蝶形破坏理论
2.2 巷道大变形成因分析
2.2.1 给定变形的存在使巷道总变形量过大
2.2.2 巷道支护结构与塑性区范围不相协调
2.2.3 多次巷道返修导致巷道塑性区发生扩展
3 基于蝶形破坏理论的巷道围岩控制技术
3.1 控制原则
3.1.1 预留变形空间
3.1.2 锚杆支护的差异化设计
3.2 控制技术
4 工程应用
4.1 工程概况
4.2 巷道应力环境与破坏特征分析
4.2.1 地应力测试
4.2.2 塑性区分布及巷道破坏成因分析
4.3 支护设计与效果分析
4.3.1 设计原理
4.3.2 具体支护参数
4.3.3 支护效果分析
5 结论