炉内受热面磨损是影响循环流化床锅炉长周期安全稳定的主要因素，锅炉设计结构、燃用煤质特性、运行控制方式、检修维护水平等因素均会对磨损造成影响。磨损多集中于颗粒浓度高、烟气流速大、流场发生突变的区域，如炉膛密相区、过渡区、屏式受热面连接区、稀相区不规则部位、炉顶部和炉膛出口等位置。为减轻炉内磨损带来的危害，循环流化床锅炉一般通过降低炉膛烟气流速、让管设计、采用主动防磨或被动防磨技术手段进行防护。从使用效果来看，防磨梁、防磨格栅、金属喷涂、激光熔敷（熔覆）等措施均能在一定程度上缓解炉内受热面磨损，防磨技术的选用需要综合考虑其对炉内传热的影响以及检修维护的便利性，总体而言应用较广泛且效果较好的是金属格栅与金属喷涂或激光熔敷（熔覆）相结合的组合防磨技术。目前，循环流化床锅炉炉内磨损问题已得到有效控制，锅炉的连续运行周期和安全性显著改善。

The wear of the heating surfaces is a key parameter on the long-term safe and stable operation for a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler,and the wear is affected by many factors,such as the structure of the furnace,coal characteristics,operation method,and maintenance. Abrasion is always concentrated on areas with high solid volume fraction,high flow rate of flue gas and abrupt changes in flow field,such as dense zone,transition zone,connection area of platen heating surface,irregular parts in dilute region,the roof and outlet of furnace,and so on. Therefore,lower velocity of flue gas,the design of kick-out tube,and positive or passive anti-wearing methods are widely adopted to protect heating surfaces for purpose of attenuating adverse effects of the wear on the operation. As for the anti-wear effectiveness,anti-wear beam,metal grid,metal spraying,and laser cladding can all reduce the wear in the furnace to a certain extent,the influence on heat transfer and the convenience of inspection and maintenance need to be taken into consideration before selection of anti-wear technology.In general,the combination of metal grid and metal spraying or laser cladding has achieved the best use effect. At present,the wear problem in the furnace of the CFB boiler has been under effective control. The CFB boilers can continuously operate for longer hours and the operation safety has been significantly improved.

0 引言

1 炉内受热面磨损的主要原因

   1.1 炉内流动过程

   1.2 受热面磨损过程

2 炉内磨损的影响因素

   2.1 燃料特性

   2.2 颗粒特性

   2.3 运行控制参数

   2.4 安装维护

3 炉内磨损的主要区域

   3.1 密相区磨损

   3.2 过渡区磨损

   3.3 屏式受热面连接区磨损

   3.4 四角区域磨损

   3.5 炉顶和炉膛出口区域磨损

   3.6 不规则区域磨损

4 减轻炉内磨损的设计措施

5 炉内防磨技术措施及应用效果

   5.1 主动防磨

   5.2 被动防磨

   5.3 综合评述

6 结语