为积极应对全球气候变化，我国提出2030年前达到碳达峰、2060年实现碳中和的双碳目标。我国能源结构决定了煤炭是我国主体消费能源且短期内不会发生变化。为实现双碳目标，煤炭行业需从技术与理论2方面进行创新。为此，围绕煤炭地下气化思路，综述了煤炭深部流态化生产的3种方式：气化、热解以及生物溶解。其中，主要综述了煤炭地下气化技术，包括国内外部分典型煤炭地下气化项目的发展历程、气化工艺及气化稳定性影响因素，并简要分析煤炭地下气化技术仍有待进一步形成工业化生产的原因。同时，将石油行业中的多级压裂水平井同井缝间注采技术引入煤炭深部流态化开采，该技术通过注入气化剂和增加加热装置实现煤炭地下深部流态化开采。基于水平井同井缝间注采技术，探讨了一种新井型在煤炭地下气化、地下热解和地下生物溶解开采中的应用前景及适用范围。相比传统地下气化工艺，水平井同井缝间注采技术具有节约开采成本、提高经济效益、增大气化反应面积和提高波及范围等优势，此外，还可利用新能源技术发电加热，在一定程度上减少碳排放，推动双碳目标实现。最后，结合深部煤炭流态化发展现状，分析当前存在的问题，为我国未来深部煤炭地下气化工业发展提出了建议。

In order to actively respond to global climate change, China has set a "carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060" goal. The energy structure of China decides that coal is the main consumption energy, and the situation can not be changed in the short term. In order to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the coal industry needs to innovate from both technical and theoretical aspects. Therefore,  based on the idea of underground coal gasification, and three ways of deep coal fluidization production were summarized, namely gasification, pyrolysis and biological dissolution. Among them,  the coal underground gasification technology was mainly reviewed, including the development history, gasification process and factors affecting the stability of some typical coal underground gasification projects at home and abroad, and the reasons why the coal underground gasification technology has not formed industrial production were briefly analyzed. In addition, the injection and production technology between multistage fractured horizontal well and well seam in petroleum industry is introduced into deep underground coal fluidization mining. The deep underground coal fluidization mining was realized by injecting gasifier and adding heating device. Based on the injection and production technology between horizontal wells, the application prospect and scope of a new well type in underground coal gasification, underground pyrolysis and underground bio-dissolution mining were discussed. Compared with the traditional underground gasification process, the injection and production technology between horizontal well and well seam has the advantages of saving mining costs, improving economic benefits, enlarging gasification reaction area and improving the spread range. In addition, the new energy technology can also be used to generate electricity and heat, which can reduce carbon emissions to a certain extent and promote the realization of the national "double carbon" goal. Finally, combined with the current situation of deep coal fluidization development, the existing problems were analyzed and some suggestions were put forward for the future development of deep coal underground gasification industry.

0 引言

1 煤炭地下流态化开采概况

   1.1 煤炭地下气化技术

   1.2 煤炭地下热解开采

   1.3 煤炭地下生物溶解

2 煤炭地下气化工艺

   2.1 矿井式气化

   2.2 钻井式煤炭地下气化炉型结构

3 煤炭地下气化影响因素以及产业化制约因素

   3.1 地质因素

   3.2 工程因素

   3.3 煤炭地下气化产业化制约因素

4 多级压裂水平井同井注采技术在煤炭深部开采的应用

   4.1 多级压裂水平井

   4.2 水平井同井段间原位转化

5 结论与展望

   5.1 结论

   5.2 展望