传统煤矿采区三维地震勘探对复杂构造、下组煤层和灰岩探测的精度不高，很难满足煤矿安全高效开采对地质条件透明化、精准化探测的需求，煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术应运而生。中国煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术的发展历程可分为3个阶段：2005—2007年，探索与试验阶段；2008年—2014年：试验与示范阶段；2015年至今，推广与应用阶段。经过近20年的发展，煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术显著提高了复杂地质构造的探测精度，在解决特殊地质问题上也有了长足的进步。结合煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术相关研究成果与勘探实例，对煤田高密度三维地震勘探数据采集、处理和解释等环节技术的现状进行了综述。面向煤矿安全高效生产对小、微构造解译和岩性精准识别的迫切需求，提出地震观测系统的优化技术、连片处理技术、叠前深度偏移处理技术、OVT域的资料处理和解释技术、深度域地震资料解释技术、人工智能处理解释技术等，将是煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术发展的重点和热点方向。

Traditional 3D seismic exploration in coal mining areas is difficult to meet the requirements of transparent and accurate geological exploration for safe and efficient coal mining due to its low precision for complex structures, lower coal seams, and limestones. In this case, high-density 3D seismic exploration technology for coal fields emerged. This technology has undergone three developmental stages in China, namely the exploration and test stage during 2005‒2007, the test and demonstration stage during 2008‒2014, and the promotion and application stage since 2015. After nearly 20 years of development, its accuracy for the exploration of complex geological structures has been significantly improved, and great progress has been made in its ability to solve special geological problems. By combining the analysis of relevant study results and exploration examples, this study reviewed the current status of techniques used in major links, such as data acquisition, processing, and interpretation, in the high-density 3D seismic exploration technology for coal mines. Facing the urgent need of safe and efficient production of coal mines for small and micro-structure interpretation and accurate lithology identification, this study proposed that the development of high-density 3D seismic exploration technology for coal fields will focus on the technologies for the optimization of the seismic observation system, the merging of seismic data, pre-stack depth migration, data processing and interpretation of the Offset Vector Title (OVT) domain, depth-domain seismic data interpretation, and artificial intelligence processing and interpretations.