The negative impact of large-scale mining activities on land resources, water resources, atmosphere and organisms cannot be underestimated. In particular, underground mining caused large-scale ground damage, with a longer time scale and greater environmental governance difficulties. Ordos, the “coal city”, is located in the ecologically fragile area of northwest China. Jungar Coalfield is a super-large comprehensive energy base in western China. It is very important to study the deformation and damage degree of typical coal mining subsidence for mine environmental protection, systematic repair and treatment of negative effects, and development and utilization of positive effects as resources. In order to explore the surface movement, deformation and destruction caused by mining subsidence in loess gully area, Suancigou 6 upper 121 and Huangyuchuan 11401 working face were selected as research objects. The characteristics of mining subsidence were analyzed and evaluated by using probability integral method and numerical simulation technology. The results showed that: Due to the comprehensive influence of topographic relief, surface elevation, large coal seam thickness, repeated mining disturbance of multiple coal seams and other factors, the stress and displacement in all directions on the surface of Jungar Coalfield was discontinuous, non-uniform and asymmetric. The high stress was located in thick loess covering area. The topographic relief area had the characteristics of large deformation and small influence range. Extrusion cracks are generated near the centerline, while tension cracks are generated at the edge of the steep slope far from the centerline, which are mostly parallel to the advancing direction of the working face. Most of the coal mines in Jungar Coalfield are located in the loess gully area. Stepped ground fissures were significantly developed. The destruction of the surface is strong and the area had weak natural restoration ability. From the time response distribution, the proportion of strike direction and dip direction in the starting, accelerating and slowing down stages is 0～12.0%, 12%～26.8%, 26.8%～42.6% and 0～10.5%, 10.5%～34.6%, 34.6%～57.6% respectively.