College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University

二氧化碳(CO2)捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)是解决全球变暖问题的关键技术。 CCUS 通过捕集与封存减少大气中的 CO2含量,并利用 CO2代替化石原料的使用进一步减少 CO2 的净排放。CCUS 技术的实施基于微尺度下 CO2物理和化学过程的综合研究。 微流控技术可以在微米甚至纳米尺度操控流体并揭示流体运动规律,在 CO2捕集、利用与封存等各个环节中均发挥了重要的作用。 本文概述了微流控技术的优势,包括精确的流体操控、大比表面积和增强的传热传质能力。 系统介绍了与 CCUS 相关的微流控研究,包括 CO2捕集吸收剂的快速筛选、配方优化和材料制备,CO2高效转化利用的电催化反应、光催化反应、催化剂制备和光合作用检测,CO2地质封存的流体分析和地质建模等。 最后,总结了微流控技术在 CCUS 中所扮演的重要角色,提出了微流控技术在 CCUS 领域的机遇和挑战。

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) are the key technologies to address globalwarming. CCUS technologies reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere by CO2 capture and storage. Re⁃placing the use of fossil fuels with CO2 could further reduce the net emission of CO2. The applications ofCCUS technologies strongly rely on the comprehensive studies of the physical and chemical processesinvolving CO2at micro scale. Microfluidics provides a platform to manipulate fluids at micro or nanoscale and reveals the laws of fluid motion. Microfluidics plays an important role in the whole process ofCCUS. This review summarizes the advantages of microfluidic technology, including precise manipula⁃tion of fluid, large specific surface area and enhanced heat and mass transfer. The applications of mi⁃crofluidics in CCUS are introduced in detail. Applications of microfluidics for CO2 capture include therapid screening of CO2 adsorbents, formulation optimization and material preparation, while those forCO2 utilization mainly consist of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), photocatalytic CO2RR,catalyst preparation and photosynthesis. The microfluidics for CO2 geosequestration is mainly associatedwith fluid dynamic analysis and geological model construction. Finally, the challenge and opportunity ofmicrofluidics in the field of CCUS are summarized and outlooked.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(YS2021YFC3000089);国家自然科学基金资助项目(22278352)

0 引 言
1 微流控技术的原理和特点
2 CO2的捕集
2.1 CO2捕集的主要技术
2.2 微流控用于CO2捕集吸收剂的快速筛选
3 CO2的利用
3.1 CO2的直接利用和转化利用
3.2 微流控技术用于CO2的高效转化利用
4 CO2的封存
4.1 CO2封存的主要途径
4.2 微流控用于CO2地质封存的研究
5 结 论

孙东鹏, 郑园, 陈东. 微流控在二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存的研究[J]. 能源环境保护, 2023, 37(2): 117-124.

SUN Dongpeng, ZHENG Yuan, CHEN Dong. Applications of microfluidics in carbon capture, utilization and stor⁃age (CCUS)[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2023, 37(2): 117-124.